The Cask of Amontillado Essay example -- essays research papers

The Cask of AmontilladoIrony and symbolism are tools used in writing to convey individual messages throughout the story. It is Edgar Allan Poes intense use of symbolism and irony throughout the Cask of Amontillado that gives this in short story its suspense and horror filled theme.The Cask of Amontillado is a horror short story, which revolves around the themes of revenge and pride. The plot involves two men Montresor, the narrator, who is an Italian aristocrat seeking revenge against the second main character Fortunato, a proud humanity that flaunts about his knowledge of wines and who finally walks into his own death. Irony is defined as words or actions that convey a reality different from appearance or expectation. The use of such device in the story gives it humor and wit. The continuous use of irony is detected through style, tone and the use of exaggeration from Montresor, the narrator. From the sop up we can blatantly see the irony in the story. The name Fortunato implies that this man is of good luck, when in actuality he was about to face the end of his life. The setting itself in which the story takes place also contains an ironic element. It is during Venices Carnival that the characters meet. Carnival is supposed to be a time of celebration and happiness for everybody. However, in the tarradiddle it is a time for revenge and death. The mood changes drastically when the two characters leave the carnival for the d...

William Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra Essay -- Shakespeare Antony

William Shakespeares Antony and CleopatraHeaven help the American-born boy with a talent for concert dance Camille Paglia The prim and proper women and the strong and strapping men are no match for Shakespeares haze of characters muddled together in Antony and Cleopatra. As ceaselessly Shakespeare delivers a luminary cast of individuals that deviate from the socially accepted sexuality roles. As the audience works its way through the rambunctious genesis to the catastrophic resolution, it is made more than apparent that lines are being crossed all over societys conformist board of sexuality specific expectations. The character that was most amplified in this context was the stunning Cleopatra. Less like a lady and more like a warrior, the audience was bump to this Egyptian queen beginning her cameo with a barrage of games she endlessly threw Antonys way in a sly attempt to win his affections. Nay, pray you stress no color for your going, but bid farewell and go (1.3.33-34). Cleopatra occasionally showed signs of her female side through bouts of the play however the majority of her presence was swarming with an annulus of resiliency and strength. Other characters even mentioned her with such traits in mind for example, Caesar proclaimed Lepidus is not more manlike than Cleopatra (1.3.5-6). Her strength was defined most in her cup of tea she makes hungry where most she satisfies for vildest things become themselves in her (2.2.236-237). However, it was also present in her behavior. Cleopatra was a meek woman by no means. She stood up for the things she believed in. When upset, she presented her shrewish side. Hence, frightful Villian, or Ill spurn thine eyes like balls before me Ill unhair thy head,... ...e 6, Enobarbus and Menas vocally agreed upon the lying and seduction methods of the female population. In Act 3, perspective 12, Caesar prattled on about the inherently weaker side of women. In some cases it was even consider ed an insult that the men might be compared to women. For shame, transform us not to women (4.2.35). In Antony and Cleopatra, the important point one must recognize is not the battles present both in love and war, but the toe that is continuously slide crossways the line which Shakespeare always felt inclined to cross. There were no prototypical male or female protagonists in Shakespeares world. It is a factor that should always be acknowledged when stewing over this brilliant playwrights work. Boundaries were meant to be crossed, and Shakespeare made his belief just as apparent in the sloshing of gender roles in Antony and Cleopatra.

William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay -- Midsumme

William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream There are so many references to the eyeball in A Midsummer Nights Dream that one would expect there to be a solid and consistent reason for their appearance. However, this does not seem to be the case. Indeed, the images associated with the look are so varied, and shift so frequently, that it is practically impossible to define what it is they represent. This difficulty reflects the problem of distinguishing between what is real and what is illusion -- a interchange theme of the play. Confusion and misunderstanding abound throughout A Midsummer Nights Dream. The lovers chase through the forest is perhaps the most obvious example. The mechanicks bumbling act of Pyramus and Thisbe is perhaps the most comic. However, as the play commences, it is a misunderstanding between Egeus and Hermia that threatens to throw the court into turmoil. This particular misunderstanding revolves around Hermias love for Lysander. Although Egeus has arran ged for his miss to wed Demetrius, it is Lysander that Hermia really wants to marry. However, Egeus refuses to ascent to their marriage, threatening to enforce on his daughter the ancient privilege of Athens (1.1.41) if she does not condescend to his original choice. Even though this would entail her entering a nunnery (or perhaps even being executed), Egeus opinion cannot be swayed. His stubbornness leads Hermia to exclaim I would my father looked but with mine look (1.1.56). Clearly, Hermia believes that if her father could see Lysander in the same light as her, then he would quickly form a different opinion of him. In this instance, then, the eyes symbolize judgment. Theseus response to Hermia not only ... ...e, nor his heart to report what my dream was (4.1.204-207). Here, he confuses the senses in his attempt to get a grip on reality, thus demonstrating the blurred boundary between reality and illusion. Clearly, then, the eye alone cannot be trusted to provide adequate in formation about the nature of reality. The fluid, endlessly switch imagery of the eyes serves to represent this problem, adding to the dreamlike quality of the play in the process. Possibly, it is left to the poets eye (5.1.12) to make the distinction between reality and illusion The forms of things unknown, the poets spell/Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing/A local habitation and a name (5.1.15-17). Works CitedShakespeare, William. A Midsummer Nights Dream. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1997. 814-861.

Essay --

I feel at home wheresoever I go . This is w assume a person whos not place-bound would say . This is what a person whose love is notconfined to family and friends, but is spread everywhere and to everyone would say. This is what a world-wide citizen would say. It is surprising how someone can be away from home but still feel like at home. A world(a) citizen has courtly his/her abilities to carry through this in a couple of ways. Let me tell you how . A global citizen has realized that we are all interconnected no matter where we have sex from or what religion we follow. No matter what our race or nationality is we are all part of a larger process which is human life.A global citizen has go bad aware that everyone on this planet is a brother or sister. The global citizen has read a lot about variouscountries , has learned different languages,has been interested in whats going on across the oceans , has found a connectionbetween his daily life and the lives of others who live far away.I compact my hat off to a such person . One of the global citizens characteristics that I admire most ,i... Essay -- I feel at home wherever I go . This is what a person whos not place-bound would say . This is what a person whose love is notconfined to family and friends, but is spread everywhere and to everyone would say. This is what a global citizen would say. It is surprising how someone can be away from home but still feel like at home. A global citizen has cultivated his/her abilities toachieve this in a couple of ways. Let me tell you how . A global citizen has realized that we are all interconnected no matter where wecome from or what religion we follow. No matter what our race or nationality is we are all part of a larger process which is human life.A global citizen has become aware that everyone on this planet is a brother or sister. The global citizen has read a lot about differentcountries , has learned different languages,has been interested in wha ts going on across the oceans , has found a connectionbetween his daily life and the lives of others who live far away.I take my hat off to a such person . One of the global citizens characteristics that I admire most ,i...

Cuban Missile Crisis :: essays research papers

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a time when tensions were running high in all in all parts of the world. numerous nations were frightened that nuclear war would put everyone in misery. While America was holding their breath as the possibility of nuclear world war grew greater and greater as the Soviet Union continued to supply Cuba with thermonuclear weapons (http//www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=28554&tocid=0). In 1960, as conflicts arose between Cuba and the United States. During this time Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev secretly began to supply Cuba with missiles that could hit much of the eastern United States within a few minutes if launched from Cuba (Leckie 957). This missiles could easily destroy all of the USs national defense in under 17 Minutes. Khrushchev built 42 secret missile sites (Littell 492), and in 1962 the United States learned that the Soviet Union had begun missile shipments to Cuba by the U-2 spy planes that flew over the island. The photos showed two t ypes of missiles medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBM) able to travel about 1100 nautical miles (about 2000 km, or 1300 mi) and intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBM) able to strive targets at a distance of about 2200 nautical miles (about 4100 km, or 2500 mi) (http//www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=28554&tocid=0). Fear swept over the country and the American citizens supported their president in planning action. (Bender 330). president John F Kennedy warned the soviets the gravest issues would arise if they were to place nuclear weapons in Cuba.People all over the world feared this standoff would take to World War III and a nuclear disaster (Littell 493). After carefully considering the alternatives of an immediate U.S. invasion of Cuba (or air strikes of the missile sites), a blockade of the island, President John F. Kennedy decided to place a naval quarantine, or blockade, on Cuba to prevent further Soviet shipments of missiles. President John F Kennedy also give tong ue to that missile strike launched from Cuba would be considered as an act of war by the Soviet Union. He also made it clear that an attack on the US would result in a direct retaliation on the Soviet Union. During this time, soviet ships bound for Cuba altered this way and began their way back to the Soviet Union. On October 28, 1962 Khrushchev capitulated, informing Kennedy that work on the missile sites would be halted and that the missiles already in Cuba would be returned to the Soviet Union.

Cuban Missile Crisis :: essays research papers

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a time when tensions were running high in on the whole parts of the world. some nations were frightened that nuclear war would put everyone in misery. While America was holding their breath as the possibility of nuclear world war grew great and greater as the Soviet Union continued to supply Cuba with thermonuclear weapons (http//www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=28554&tocid=0). In 1960, as conflicts arose between Cuba and the United States. During this time Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev secretly began to supply Cuba with missiles that could hit much of the eastern United States within a few minutes if launched from Cuba (Leckie 957). This missiles could easily destroy all of the USs national defense in under 17 Minutes. Khrushchev built 42 secret missile sites (Littell 492), and in 1962 the United States learned that the Soviet Union had begun missile shipments to Cuba by the U-2 spy planes that flew over the island. The photos showed two type s of missiles medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBM) able to travel about 1100 nautical miles (about 2000 km, or 1300 mi) and intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBM) able to bear on targets at a distance of about 2200 nautical miles (about 4100 km, or 2500 mi) (http//www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=28554&tocid=0). Fear swept over the country and the American citizens supported their chair in planning action. (Bender 330). death chair John F Kennedy warned the soviets the gravest issues would arise if they were to place nuclear weapons in Cuba.People all over the world feared this standoff would guide to World War III and a nuclear disaster (Littell 493). After carefully considering the alternatives of an immediate U.S. invasion of Cuba (or air strikes of the missile sites), a blockade of the island, President John F. Kennedy decided to place a naval quarantine, or blockade, on Cuba to prevent further Soviet shipments of missiles. President John F Kennedy also tell that mi ssile strike launched from Cuba would be considered as an act of war by the Soviet Union. He also made it clear that an attack on the US would result in a direct retaliation on the Soviet Union. During this time, soviet ships bound for Cuba altered this way and began their way back to the Soviet Union. On October 28, 1962 Khrushchev capitulated, informing Kennedy that work on the missile sites would be halted and that the missiles already in Cuba would be returned to the Soviet Union.

The Great Gatsby Conversation

In Gatsbys conversation with chip off, Gatsby, who has many belittling rumors surrounding him, tries to number Nick to sympathize with him by describing himself as a nice person who has gone through hard times, but his attempts are unsuccessful. Because of the rumors, Nick wants to know to a greater extent somewhat Gatsby because, He had talked with him perhaps six times in the past month and found, to his disappointment, that Gatsby had little to say, which led Nick to believe there was something suspicious about Gatsby. 64) everywhere the past month or so, Nick had heard many rumors about Gatsby having killed a man (49) and being a German spy during World War I (44). Gatsbys behavior during the conversation strengthened these rumors in Nicks mind. During their conversation, Gatsby hurried the phrase educated at Oxford, or swallowed it, or choked on it, as though it had bothered him before which led Nick to wonder if there was something sinister about him (65). Whenever Oxford was mentioned, Gatsby was hesitant to continue that conversation, which seemed as though Gatsby was lying about his past and that made Nick even more suspicious.Furthermore, Gatsby did not help erase the rumors from Nicks mind when Tom and Gatsby, shook hands briefly, and a strained, unfamiliar look of embarrassment came over Gatsbys face, and when Nick turned toward Mr. Gatsby, he was no longer there (74). This behavior proved to Nick that Gatsby is trying to hide something from his past and is very uncomfortable discussing it. Although there are topics about his past that make Gatsby uncomfortable, he freely explains his past to Nick.In order to make a expert impression on Nick, Gatsby always speaks elaborately and is very nice to Nick. Gatsby says, Good morning, old sport. Youre having lunch with me and I thought wed ride up together (64). Gatsby explains that he lives care a rajah, but that he has had some hardships and is trying to forget something very sad that had happened to him a long time ago (66). Although Gatsby is wealthy, he explains that he has personal problems in order to get Nick to sympathize with him.Then, Gatsby tries to explain his war experience by saying, It was a great relief, and I tried very hard to die, but I seemed to bear an enchanted life because he was sad about his incident and by saying he wanted to die, he could get Nick to sympathize with him and forget about the rumors surrounding him, but Nick never does (66). Another way Gatsby tries to explain to Nick he is not a bad person is by showing Nick his accomplishments from the war. The photograph which Gatsby carried around with him read, Major Jay Gatsby For Valour Extraordinary (67).By doing so, Gatsby proves that he supported the Americans thus trying to erase the rumor of him being a German spy. Although there are many strong rumors around Gatsby, he tries to incite Nick, who believes in those rumors, that he is an innocent, normal man because he is in love with Dais y and wants Nick, Daisys cousin, to set him up. Though Gatsby discusses very personal issues that make him seem like the common man, his actions around Nick like having a gambler for a friend and acting suspiciously whenever anything related to Daisy came up, cause Nick to believe that Gatsby was sheepish of something.

Forecasting the Adoption of E-Books Essay

Question 1 The surface of the market for e-books in the long-run 293. 7 one million million x 46. 7% x 8% = 10. 973 million (Total US universe x percentage of US population exacting literature x pct of traditional paper books purchased online in 2003) It will take 10 years to reach 95% penetration of the potential market. Question 2 I anticipate that the sale of the e-book when it first became available is 0. 751milion (pm) (Assumption each innovator buy one book. ) Question 3 The long-run total adoption of e-books would be 10. 973 million.(Total US population x percentage of US population reading literature x Percentage of traditional paper books purchased online in 2003) Question 4 I do expect the market for e-books tend to be guided by imitators rather than innovators. According to the table above, I found that the weighted average for e-book of q (0. 0684) is larger than p (0. 2990). In addition, the word of mouth takes an most-valuable role in the adoption of e-books. The i nformation about the e-book from the innovators contribute some(prenominal) to the adoption of e-books since raft tend to undulate to change their old reading habit.Question 5S(t)=p+(q/m)N(t-1)m-N(t-1) Year 1 0. 0684+(0. 2990/10. 973) X (0)10. 973-0 = 0. 751 million Year 2 0. 0684+(0. 2990/10. 973) X (0. 751)10. 973-0. 751 = 0. 908 million Year 3 0. 0684+(0. 2990/10. 973) X (1. 659)10. 973-1. 659 = 1. 059 million Year 4 0. 0684+(0. 2990/10. 973) X (2. 717)10. 973-2. 717 = 1. 176 million Year 5 0. 0684+(0. 2990/10. 973) X (3. 893)10. 973-3. 893 = 1. 235 million Question 6 The adoption of e-book will be very different from digital medical specialty obtained online. The adoption of e-books face more than challenges when comparing to the adoption of digital music.To most of the listeners, there is not much remnant in experience between listening to a song from an iPod and a CD player. Therefore, they have a relatively low switching cost and more willing to change their habits. On the contrary, to most of the readers, it is definitely very different from reading an e-book to reading a printed book. The feelings of holding a printed book and flipping over a physical book are irreplaceable. So readers are loyal to printed book and hesitate to switch from traditional books to e-books.Hence, it is reasonable to predict that the pace of adopting digital music is faster than the pace of adopting e-books. Question 7 I think both of the attitudes about reading and purchasing e-content have changed a lot in advanced-fashioned years. In the old cadence, people could read e-content via PC only. Nowadays, people are able to read e-content through various mobile devices. Therefore, they spend more age on reading e-content especially during leisure time and even commuting time. However, the quality of the reading effort is diminishing as the overload of e-content available on Internet.In addition, people tend to rely more on the e-content since it is very at rest, env ironmentally friendly, high mobility and high accessibility. For the attitude about purchasing e-content, more people are willing to pay for the e-content in recent years. The advanced online payment system plays an important role. People feel more secure and also convenient when dealing online ever than before. Moreover, more well-known and large-scale publishers offer more choices of e-content for readers. Besides, in the light of the prevalent of mobile device, people have more time and chances to read the e-content regardless of the time and places.Thus, people are more willing to spend on e-content than before. Question 8 The hardware plays a paramount important role in the adoption of e-books. No matter how amazing the e-content is, the e-books would not be popularized if the hardware were not user-friendly. However, a good hardware is very plausibly to boost sales of the e-books. It is because the hardware is a fixed cost while the e-books are the variable cost to the reader s. A portable hardware with proper size of monitor and high capacity is very attractive to the readers.They no longer need to neither carry the bulky printed books nor spare some places for storage. Moreover, the hardware enables readers to read comfortably when comparing to read via PC or smart phone. It is good for the readers eyes. Last but not least, the hardware contributed to protecting the environment as it saves much paper. Only when the hardware preforms better than the tradition printed books, the adoption of e-books will be success. Question 9 I do expect the size and also the exemplification of diffusion are quite different globally as compared to the joined States.The size and the pattern of diffusion depend on many factors. Population, culture, attitude to new products, technology and even literacy could be one of the variables of the size and pattern of diffusion. Take Africa as an example though the population size of Africa is much larger than The United States, t he potential size of the market for e-books must be obviously different from the United States. So it is not difficult to understand that the size and pattern of diffusion of various places will not be similar to the United States.

Analysis and Design of Software Architecture Essay

Outline1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Development Process Requirements Quality Attributes Runmagazine QA Non-run while QA Requirements outline exemplar architectural compend & instauration architectural ViewsDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA outline and excogitateOct 19, 20112 / 78Development ProcessMethodologyDierent softw ar development processes throw away softw atomic number 18 architecture as a part of the process Rational unied process Spiral development order Agile development method Evolutionary rapid developmentDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA outline and inventOct 19, 20113 / 78Development ProcessPlace of SA in SDPFigure Source Software computer architecture Primer by Reekie, McAdam Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA depth psychology and figure Oct 19, 2011 4 / 78Development ProcessMethodologyAfter the initial requirements abridgment but before software design The rst architecture is also a communication basis with the customer Inputs for the development of the architecture 1 2Requirement s stirtext (technical, organizational, business, )Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA synopsis and originationOct 19, 20115 / 78Requirements compendiumAt the beginning there is perpetu onlyy a customer who wants a specic software clay Customer wishes are always in beal Inter go throughs, roughly documents, some Excel tables, We read to analyze much(prenominal) in organiseal records and structure it Requirements engineering is a huge eld but we however illustrate here peerless possibilityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA depth psychology and DesignOct 19, 20116 / 78Requirements compendThe results of the requirements analysis1 2Functional requirements Non-functional requirements(a) Run fourth dimension qualities (b) Non-runtime qualities3contextual requirementsDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA depth psychology and DesignOct 19, 20117 / 78RequirementsFunctional requirementsA technical expression of what a schema depart do Arise from stakeholder films integrated language software requireme nts specication Use cases structured description of substance abuser interactions with the frame Formal models e.g. state-chartsDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA abstract and DesignOct 19, 20118 / 78RequirementsNon-functional requirementsOther necessarily than nowadays functional or business- connect Generally expressed in the form of quality-attributes Runtime quality attributes Non-runtime quality attributesDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA depth psychology and DesignOct 19, 20119 / 78Requirements pangtextual requirementsWhat technology is on tap(predicate)? Expertise of the development team Previous experience of users/customers Technical, business, market, legal, ethical, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA abbreviation and DesignOct 19, 201110 / 78Quality AttributesNeed to address QAsWithout separately need for transaction, scalability, any implementation of functionality is acceptable However, we always need to take into account the broader context E.g. hardware, technological, organ izational, business, The functionality must be there but without proper addressing of QA it is worth nothingDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA abridgment and DesignOct 19, 201111 / 78Quality AttributesInuence on QAsTypically, a single component stern not address a QA completely both QA is inuenced by fivefold components and their interactions E.g. a UI component has a high degree of usability however, usability of the dodging is compromised if a information dispensement component has poor murder in accessing the data users need to depend long poor usability Components and their interactions software architecture QAs are directly inuenced by software architectureDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA compend and DesignOct 19, 201112 / 78Runtime QAPURSPURS (performance, usability, dependableness, security) mathematical operation time performance, memory, disk, or network utilization Usability human factors, s tailt(p) to learn, easy to use, Reliability handiness, safety, Security authentication, data protection, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201113 / 78Runtime QAPerformanceTime performance is most obvious Measured in the number of operations per second Also, latency the time from receiving an input and producing an output Other measures memory, disk, network utilization or throughputDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201114 / 78Runtime QAPerformanceDierent measures are typically traded o against each other E.g. increasing throughput may increase latency Time performance might be increased with more memory True performance of the system is not only dened by performance of single components But also by their interactions and the overall processes in the systemDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201115 / 78Runtime QAPerformance factorsChoice of algorithms Database design Communication Resource managementDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201116 / 78Runtime QAChoice of algor ithmsPerformance of algorithms is measured by their complexness (big O) E.g. linear complexity O(n) Running time increases in direct proportion to the surface of the data E.g. polynomial complexity O(n2 ) It does not scale double size of the data running time increased by factor of 4 Goal O(nlog (n))Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201117 / 78Runtime QADatabase designPerformance of database queries keister dominate the overall performance The design of the tables has enormous impact on the overall performance Techniques to remedy it lazy evaluation, replication, caching Some additional cost to manage replication and/or caching In-memory databases (real-time systems) Developing a new database (search engines)Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201118 / 78Runtime QACommunication profits overhead Package data harmonise to a protocol, sending data over network Each layer heart additional overhead Think how to use network packaging double star data as XML? Use more compact formats, e.g. JSON vs XMLDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201119 / 78Runtime QAResources managementOverloaded components need to be avoided A grasp is only as strong as its weakest link E.g. a single-threaded shared resource is in use all other threads are occlude Very dicult to track downDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201120 / 78Runtime QAUsabilityUsability is a very rich eld If usability is essential you will need a usability expert Combination of many factors responsiveness, in writing(p) design, user expectations, condence Measuring with time taken to complete task, error rate, time to response, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201121 / 78Runtime QAResponsiveness and data availabilityAn example of traffic surrounded by QAs Usability requires that the system responds to user actions within a certain period of time If it is a complex system this need translates into perf ormance along the path of the user actionDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201122 / 78Runtime QAResponsiveness and data availabilityFigure Usability vs. Performance Source Software Architecture Primer by Reekie, McAdamDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201123 / 78Runtime QADiscussion on transaction mingled with QAsThis diagram shows that we need to pay attention to tuning communicationbetween B and Y Performance of the communication channel is a resultant of a usability requirement Do we need to support security of the communication channel?Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201124 / 78Runtime QADiscussion on relations between QAsThis diagram shows that we need to pay attention to tuning communication between B and Y Performance of the communication channel is a upshot of a usability requirement Do we need to support security of the communication channel? We support QAs always only as a response to user postulate N ever because it is needed anywayDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201124 / 78Runtime QADiscussion on relations between QAsIf we support security notwithstanding if it is not needed Very often QAs exerciseopposing forces on the system Security requires a lot of checking performance will suer usability will suer A minimalistic approach develop only what is requiredDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201125 / 78Runtime QAReliabilityIn traditional engineering disciplines reliability measures the failure rate of the system Failure rate specied by mean time to failure MTTF A related measure mean time between failures MTBF MTTR is mean time to repair A is availabilityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201126 / 78Runtime QAReliabilityMTBF = MTTF + MTTR A= A=MTTF MTBF MTTF MTTF +MTTRE.g. expected availability of electronic network systemsDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201127 / 78Runtime QAReliabilityM TBF = MTTF + MTTR A= A=MTTF MTBF MTTF MTTF +MTTRE.g. expected availability of Web systems 1 (always up-and-running) = MTTF Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201127 / 78Runtime QAReliabilityIncreasing reliability involves testing However, impossible to prove that a system is correct, i.e. without bugs Acceptability of errors depends on thenature of a system private desktop use bugs are typically tolerated Enterprise level medium reliability level High-reliable systems bugs can be fatalDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201128 / 78Runtime QASecurityIncreasingly important aspect of systems is security Because systems are exposed to threats Especially networked systems As with other QAs security is a set of related responses to user needsDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201129 / 78Runtime QA trademarkRequirement for identication of users with a system Users present credentials so that the system can identify them Typica lly username and password Other forms certicates, smart cards, biometric featuresDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201130 / 78Runtime QAAuthorizationAfter authentication authorization which functions and what data is open for users This information is captured in an authorization model Access control lists (ACL) dene who can access and how a resource might be accessed E.g. read access, economize access, delete access, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201131 / 78Runtime QAAuthorizationDrawbacks of ACLs It is resource based, e.g. a page in a CMS Often, authorization needs to address functions or tasks Also, managing of ACLs is dicult, e.g. subresources of resources Also, performance problems with checkingDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201132 / 78Runtime QAAuthorizationAnother model role-based access control (RBAC) Roles are apply to manage many-to-many relations between users and permissions Roles are used to rep resent the job functions, e.g. author, teacher, student in an E-learning system Permissions are modeled as parts of roles, e.g. create page, create tests, Users are than designate to a role and acquire automatically permissions of that roleDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201133 / 78Non-runtime QAMeTRiCSMeTRiCS (maintainability, evolvability, testability, reusability, integrability, congurability, scalability) Maintainability how easy can you x bugs and add new features Evolvability how easy your system copes with changes Testability how easy can you test the system for correctnessDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201134 / 78Non-runtime QAMeTRiCSReusability how easy is to use software elements in other contexts, e.g. a software library Integrability how easy you can make the separately developed components of the system work the right way together Congurability how easy can a system be congured for dierent installations and target grou ps Scalability how easy the system copes with a higher performance pauperizationDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201135 / 78Non-runtime QAMaintainabilityThis QA considers the whole lifecycle of a system What happens during system operation? Property that allows a system to be modied aft(prenominal) deployment wirh ease E.g. extensible, modied demeanour, xing errorsDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201136 / 78Non-runtime QAMaintainabilityAt the design and implementation level Code comments Object-oriented principles and design rules Consistent programming styles backingDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201137 / 78Non-runtime QAMaintainabilityMaintainability is very important because any software system will change over time Experience shows that such changes tend to degrade the system over time Software systems are subject to entropy The cumulative eect of changes degrades the quality of the systemDenis Helic (KMI , TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201138 / 78Non-runtime QAMaintainabilityThe systems tend to become messy systems Regardless of how a nice plan you had at beginning Design for change think of OO design rules Abstract messy parts of the system so that they can be exchangedDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201139 / 78Non-runtime QAMaintainabilityDont be afraid to refactor and rewrite and redesign Each software vendor does this with major versions Create throw-away prototypes Think out-of-box and innovate Dont always chase a hype very often nothing new in hypes E.g. Web servicesDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201140 / 78Non-runtime QATestabilityMeans to improve testability Test cases if something fails there is a bug Separation of the testing framework and the system, i.e. testing with scripts from outside LoggingDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201141 / 78Non-runtime QACongurabilityAbility of a system to v ary its operational parameters without re-compiling or re-installing E.g. selecting appropriate database drivers, conguring network parameters, Typically, realized by a set of conguration les E.g. Apache Web server conguration le sets host name, virtual hosts, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201142 / 78Non-runtime QACongurabilityCongurability interacts with other QAs such as testability, maintainability, reliability High degree of congurability tends to have a negative impact on those QAs Testing of dierent system conguration becomes more dicult reliability compromised Congurable components will be strongly parametrized decreased maintainabilityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201143 / 78Non-runtime QAScalabilityAbility of a system to increase its capacity without re-compiling or re-installing E.g. service additional Web pages means only copying these Web pages into a Web server le system Sometimes increasing capacity means increasi ng hardware, e.g. Web server clusters Managing user session on the client side, means only providing additional code-on-demand from the serverDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201144 / 78Requirements Analysis fashion model dodge descriptionWeb-based Network Analysis Tool W-NAT A simple and usable system for network analysis is needed. Networks are entities that subdue not only individuals but also their connections with other individuals (see e.g. 3 for an example). The system accepts a network representations as a list of pairs of connected nodes stored in a dataset le. Nodes are represented as integers. An edge between two nodes is stored as a line containing two nodes delimited by a tabulator. Users might transfer datasets to the systems and store them for further analysis. Each user might upload two-fold datasets and can execute various analysis on those datasets. The system keeps the track of the analysis history for each user. Users may calculate degr ee disseminations, network diameter, clustering coecient, connectivity measures, singular values, and dierent centrality measures. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and Design Oct 19, 2011 45 / 78Requirements Analysis instance dust descriptionWeb-based Network Analysis Tool W-NAT Users can execute various calculations on aggregate datasets in parallel. The system must not be block if a calculation is currently under way. Rather it should be possible to start a new calculation, or view previous calculations, etc. In case of longer calculations the system needs to notify the user by e-mail when the calculation is over. The results of the calculations should be available in textual and in lifelikeal form. All results can be also downloaded to a local computer. The system will be used by a group of students that learn the bedrock of network analysis. It is expect that at any times the system will be used by multiple users executing multiple calculations. Since the system is generally an educational tool it needs to be didactically sound, i.e. simplicity and usability are very important.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201146 / 78Requirements Analysis lawsuitSystem description6 How to search in a small worldPajekFigure 2 HP Labs email communication (light grey lines) mapped onto the organizational pecking order of HP Labs constructed out the e-mail communication. Figure Social network(black lines). Note that communication tends to cling to of formal organizational chart. From How to search a social network, Adamic, 2005.with one another. The h-distance, used to navigate the network, is computed as follows individuals have h-distance one to their manager and to everyone they share a manager with. Distances are then recursively assigned, so that each individual has h-distance 2 to their rst neighbours neighbors, and h-distance 3 to their second Denis Helic (KMI, TU neighbors neighbors, etc. SA Analysis and Design Graz)Oct 19, 201 147 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleSystem descriptionWeb-based Network Analysis Tool W-NAT The system is a Web-based system and the users should be able to operate the system by using a standard Web browser. The users need not install any additional plugins to operate the system. User perceived performance of the system should be acceptable. In addition, standard Web usability concepts need to be followed. In particular, browser back button must be working at all times and it should be possible to bookmark pages at all times. Finally, standard Web design principles should be satised, meaning that pages are valid (X)HTML pages in at least HTML Transitional. The system needs to support rag browser compatibility. Further, each page and each important application state needs to have a unique and human-readable URL.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201148 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR1 The system is a network analysis tool. The system can calculate the following measures. UR1.1 UR1.2 UR1.3 UR1.4 UR1.5 Out-degree distribution In-degree distribution Cumulative out-degree distribution Cumulative in-degree distribution Hop plotDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201149 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR1 The system is a network analysis tool. The system can calculate the following measures. UR1.6 Clustering coecient UR1.7 Distribution of weakly connected components UR1.8 Distribution of strongly connected components UR1.9 Left singular vector UR1.10 pay off singular vectorDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201150 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR1 The system is a network analysis tool. The system can calculate the following measures. UR1.12 UR1.12 UR1.13 UR1.14 UR1.15 Network singular values Degree centrality Closeness centrality Betweenness centrality Eigenvector centralityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 1 9, 201151 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR2 Networks are stored in dataset les. UR3 The dataset le has the following format. NodeID1 NodeID2 UR4 Users can upload multiple datasets to the system. UR5 To perform an analysis users select a dataset and then choose a measure to calculate.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201152 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR6 For each user and for each dataset the system manages a history of calculations. UR7 Users may initiate multiple calculations simultaneously. UR8 When a calculation is started the system is not blocked. UR9 The system noties users about a nished calculation by e-mail.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201153 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR6 For each user and for each dataset the system manages a history of calculations. UR7 Users may initiate multiple calculations simultaneously. UR8 When a calculation is star ted the system is not blocked. UR9 The system noties users about a nished calculation by e-mail. When is this notication needed? If the user is logged out?Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201153 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR10 The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201154 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR10 The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Which form? coif? Graphics format?Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201154 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR10 The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Which form? Format? Graphics format? UR11 Users can download the calculation results.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201154 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional r equirementsUR10 The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in agraphic form. Which form? Format? Graphics format? UR11 Users can download the calculation results. Single results? All results? Archived, how archived?Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201154 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR10 The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Which form? Format? Graphics format? UR11 Users can download the calculation results. Single results? All results? Archived, how archived? UR12 Users can register with the system.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201154 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR10 The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Which form? Format? Graphics format? UR11 Users can download the calculation results. Single results? All results? Archived, howarchived? UR12 Users can register with the sys tem. How register? E-mail? Captcha?Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201154 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleFunctional requirementsUR10 The calculation results are presented in a textual as well as in a graphic form. Which form? Format? Graphics format? UR11 Users can download the calculation results. Single results? All results? Archived, how archived? UR12 Users can register with the system. How register? E-mail? Captcha? UR13 Users can login and log out.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201154 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simple, usable and didactically sound.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. UsabilityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simp le, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2 The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2 The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. PerformanceDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2 The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users?Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2 The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3 Authentication should be supported.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2 The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3 Authentication should be supported. SecurityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2 The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3 Authentication should be supported. Security UR4 User-perceived performance must be acceptableDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2 The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3 Authentication should be suppo rted. Security UR4 User-perceived performance must be acceptable Performance and UsabilityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2 The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3 Authentication should be supported. Security UR4 User-perceived performance must be acceptable Performance and Usability How many seconds at liquid ecstasy users can wait?Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2 The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3 Authentication should be supported. Security UR4 User-perceived performance must be acceptable Performance and Usability How many seconds at max users can wait? UR5 Web-based system should be available at all times.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR1 The system is simple, usable and didactically sound. Usability UR2 The system needs to support multiple users simultaneously. Performance How many users? UR3 Authentication should be supported. Security UR4 User-perceived performance must be acceptable Performance and Usability How many seconds at max users can wait? UR5 Web-based system should be available at all times. ReliabilityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201155 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR6 Human-readable URLs.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201156 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR6 Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrabilityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201156 / 78Req uirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR6 Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7 Extending the system with new metrics.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201156 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR6 Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7 Extending the system with new metrics. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability, congurabilityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201156 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR6 Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7 Extending the system with new metrics. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability,congurability UR8 Reliability of a Web-based system.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201156 / 78Require ments Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR6 Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7 Extending the system with new metrics. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability, congurability UR8 Reliability of a Web-based system. TestabilityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201156 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR6 Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7 Extending the system with new metrics. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability, congurability UR8 Reliability of a Web-based system. Testability UR9Multiple users.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201156 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleNon-functional requirementsUR6 Human-readable URLs. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability UR7 Extending the system with new met rics. Evolvability, reusability, maintainability, testability, integrability, congurability UR8 Reliability of a Web-based system. Testability UR9 Multiple users. ScalabilityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201156 / 78Requirements Analysis ExampleContextual requirementsUR1 Web browser. UR2 Valid (X)HTML, at least (X)HTML Transitional. UR3 No browser plugins are allowed.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201157 / 78architectural Analysis & DesignAnalysisWe analyze the requirements and try to identify so-called severalise concepts Understanding of the domain Static part of the domain We also try to identify key process and activities Dynamic part of the domainDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201158 / 78architectural Analysis & DesignDesignDesign is the process of creating models (recollect the denition of SA) 2 basic types of architectural models Structure and behavior Architectural structure is a static model of a s ystem (i.e. how the system is divided into components) Architectural behavior is a dynamic model of a system (i.e. how the components interact with each other to perform some effectual work)Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201159 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural structureThe variation of a system into components and connectors To represent the model box-and-lines diagrams (to see at a glance important concepts) It is important to remember that diagrams are only representations of the model Diagrams must always be accompanied by additional material such as text, data models, mathematical models, etc. The conspiracy of diagrams and additional material is an architectural modelDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201160 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural structureWhat is a component? What is a connector? Components might be subsystems, separate processes, source code packages, Connectors might be network protoc ols, method invocations, associations, The combination of diagrams and additional material is an architectural modelDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201161 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural structureFigure Example of an architectural structureDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201162 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural structureIn the diagram we have one user-interface and one database component But what is the criteria for deciding what is a component? Separate program modules? Separate threads or processes? Conceptual or functional division? And what about connectors? Network protocols? Callbacks? Request/response cycles? Method invocations?Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201163 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural structureWhat is the level of granularity of a diagram? E.g. for a Web-based system, components are servers and browsers and connector is HTTP But, components of a server are HTTP parser, le I/O, cache, plug-ins, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201164 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural structureComparison with OO a component is an object and a connector is a message sent between two objects Because models in OO are very well dened Therefore, we need additional information that accompanies diagrams To describe criteria for decomposition and provide explanations on granularityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201165 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural behaviorComplementing structure is architectural behavior Interaction of system elements to perform some useful work Functionality vs. behavior Functionality is what the system can do and behavior is the natural action sequenceDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201166 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural behaviorExample Accessing a tweets document Request is sent to the Web presentation lay er That layer forwards the request to the application logic, e.g. TweetDeck TweetDeck contacts TweetViews to suffer a particular template, then retrieves the data from TweetDB wraps it into an HTML response and sends the response to TweetUI Functionality allows me to display a tweets document, behavior is the sequence of activities that makes it happenDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201167 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural behaviorEach component has a set of responsibilities Behavior is the way how these responsibilities are exercised to respond to some event An event may be an action of the user or an event from an external system A particular behavior is an event add-on a response in the form of a sequence of component responsibilitiesDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201168 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural behaviorTo represent behavioral models we use use-case map notation by Buhr A use-case map consis ts of a peculiarity drawn through a morphologic diagram of the system The path of the trace through a structural diagram shows the sequence of activities Each crossing of a component by the trace indicates exercising of a responsibilityDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201169 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural behaviorFigure Types of traces in use-case mapsDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201170 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural behavior(a) Single trace all responsibilities exercised sequentially (b) Two traces are consequent Equivalent to single trace but shows that continuation is triggered by another event (c) And-Fork The traces after the line are potentially concurrent (run in parallel)Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201171 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural behaviorFigure Types of traces in use-case mapsDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 2011 72 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural behavior(a) N-Way And-Fork the trace after the fork may be replicated an arbitrary number of times (b) Or-Fork The trace is split and activity proceeds along one or another path (c) Seq-Fork The traces after the line are followed in the order indicated by the arrowDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201173 / 78Architectural Analysis & DesignArchitectural behaviorFigure Example of architectural behaviorDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201174 / 78Architectural ViewsArchitectural viewsWe can examine a system from dierent points of view Dierent kinds of views Conceptual components are set of responsibilities and connectors are ow of information Execution components are accomplishment units (processes) and connectors are messages between processes Implementation components are libraries, source code, les, etc and connectors are protocols, api calls, etc.Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis an d DesignOct 19, 201175 / 78Architectural ViewsArchitectural viewsThere are other models as well We will mention them but we will investigate only previous three models Data model describes the data material modeldescribes servers, rewalls, workstations, Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201176 / 78Architectural ViewsArchitectural viewsEach view provides dierent information about the structure of the system Each view addresses a specic set of concerns All views taken together is the primary means of documenting software architectureDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201177 / 78Architectural ViewsArchitectural viewsThe conceptual architecture considers the structure of the system in terms of its domain-level functionality The execution architecture considers the system in terms of its runtime structure The implementation architecture considers the system in terms of its build-time structureDenis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)SA Analysis and DesignOct 19, 201178 / 78

Mass Media Effects and Messages Essay

Where would golf club be without mass media? How would our society evolve with electronic communication? These are important questions. They demand investigation into how our terra firma functions on a daily basis. The answers to these questions tell us how we think, act and feel every daytime. Without mass media and without mass communication, society would look much different. Every coevals had its own leap in technology which dramatically changed the course of human existence. With each technological leap, communication and mass media evolved with it. When broadcast radio became mainstream, households across the States gained access to get impertinents and entertainment.When computers became the main source of filing and storing information, government, media, and the general public had a new resource for communication. As technology grew, so did societys demand and with each new image, debate, journal entry or story, came a new challenge for the media industry. Media and s ociety have a symbiotic relationship. in that respect is the idea that media drives societys conversation. Can it overly be true that society drives the media?Mass media is very powerful. The industry has its finger on the pulse of the creative activity. cardinal hour news cycles, readily-accessible entertainment and social media have all greatly affected the psychology of society. There is no better example of this than of body image.In 1991, a case was performed to investigate what young girls and teenagers thought the ideal woman is. This study showed that girls believed the perfect woman is five feet, seven inches tall, 100 pounds, with blonde pig and blue eyes. (Groesz, Levine & Murnen, 2001) This image may evoke the prototypical Barbie doll. This, of course, is an roughly unattainable staturefor most women. How did this philosophy develop and where did adolescent girls attain that image? Is it accomplishable this idea of the ideal woman was perpetuated by peer pressure or school? Yes. However, some of the most egregious purveyors of body image is mass media. This study, performed almost 24 years ago, shows that this has been an evolving problem that continues to go unaddressed. In fact, it can be said that it has gotten worse with the age of information.Today, images of celebrities, pseudo-celebrities and models plague the internet. Photoshopping, airbrushing and separate image economic consumption methods can reckoningly erase any flaw on the human body. It would be obvious to many battalion that this sort of perversion of the truth would be immensely unethical, but it goes unaddressed or un noniced to the general population. Magazines sell these images to target markets to which they use to advertise their products. The health, fitness, and cosmetic industries, in turn, stand to profit from delineation what the perfect person should look like. (Groesz, Levine & Murnen, 2001)Mass media also has a great influence on sexuality. Television sho ws, films and reality television depict a world that is often in direct opposition to reality. In 2005, the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation found that seven out of ten television shows depict racy or sexual content. This is almost double the sexual content that was shown only seven years earlier in 1998. (Shiver Jr., 2005) Mass media has a hand in popularizing two phenomenon, but can the chicken or egg theory be applied here? Did society already believe Barbie to be the epitome of ideal? Does the progression of social attitudes make sexual content more acceptable? If the media simply giving society what it wants? Or is the media brainwashing society into its beliefs? Professor Marissa Wagner Oehlhof of wheel Green University is an instructor in the psychology department and teaches classes on human sexuality. She contributes much of the peer pressure on adolescents to friends, family, but also the media. (King, 2012) We live in a sex-saturated society, she says. Ms. Oehlhof be lieves the media can affect society.People arent running out and having sex because TV or radio told them, but rather this media affects our attitudeIt desensitizes us to what we think and hear, makes it seem more common than it is, like its no bigdeal. (King, 2012) If mass media can contribute to societys psychology close to ideas itself, can it also influence politics? New ways of communicating and information-seeking are constructed every day. The wireless world changes everything. Mary Cate Cary of the US News and field Report shows fives way mass media is changing the political atmosphere. First, it is ac slamledged that constituents are selective in how they access information. White House Communications Director, Dan Pfeiffer says, With the Internet, with YouTube, with TiVo, with cable TV, mickle are selective viewers now. They approach their news consumption the way they approach their iPod You download the songs you like and listen to them when you want to listen to them . (Cary, 2010)This kind of technology and societys embrace of it controls how the media approaches its job. It can also contribute to how politicians and the government create their agenda. Cary also claims the ability to share images and information changes the dynamic of the political atmosphere. She cites president Barack Obamas penchant for using social media to communicate his message to the masses. (Cary, 2010) Cary also addresses the ability to instantly show approval or disapproval of messages or campaigns through with(predicate) thumbing, liking or retweeting the capability of connecting with like-minded state and even making donations to causes. (Cary, 2012) She also points to the American Red Cross, which was able to raise over $8 meg for relief efforts for the earthquake in Haiti. (Cary, 2012) All of these examples are ways mass media can change the paradigm for politics. There is also the claim that mass media is dark-skinned towards on political party or the other .It is not out of the realm of reality that many newspapers or cable news programs are much more apologetic or favorable to respective political sides. Some even openly admit it. But how much does that sway a vote? corn dab News, widely considered to be conservative-leaning, began in 1996 when Rupert Murdoch launched his channel in the United States. A study showed concluded that, in conjunction with the popularity of Fox News, the 2000 Presidential election amongst George W. Bush and Al Gore, could have tipped the election in Bushs favor by half a percentage point. (Duflo, 2008) Printed media was shown to be no different. In a study conducted by Yale University researches, gave free subscriptions of newspapers to people living in the Washington D.C. area. Half the participants received a copy of the Washington Post, a Democratic-leaningpublications and the other half were given a copy of the Washington Times, which is historically conservative.Having access to the news through e ach of these publications upped the likelihood of potential voters by 3.5%. (Duflo, 2008) The study concluded that despite readers of the Washington Post being 11% more likely to vote Democrat, 7% of Washington Times readers were also likely to vote against the Republicans, showing that many voters do not let what they read effect how they cast ballots. (Duflo, 2008) While society may thirst for more and more information, it is also being proven that society has the ability to think critically in regards to that information. However, it does raise a new question. Is it ethical for news organizations to attempt to influence voters? after all, many cable news programs, radio broadcasts and publications are admittedly biased. This admittance shines light on the fact that the information being fed to society is not factual or being delivered in a way that may show favorability to one person or another. It can also shy people away from certain networks or newspapers that are notoriously biased. A person may automatically dismiss a story from a publication they know to be left or right-leaning.Even though the world may never be free from bias, there are protections put in gear up to ensure that society will be free from oppressive thought, unethical reporting and intellectual theft. When the Founding Fathers first drafted the Constitution, they reflected on their own experiences in enceinte Britain. An imperial leader deciding what is best for his people, based soley on his own agenda was something they fought against. The First Amendment ensures no government of the United States oppresses its peoples granting immunity to think for themselves. It protects United States citizens from the government imparting its own beliefs.Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government f or a redress of grievances. This protection means all people are fee to think, speak and believe how they feel necessary, without government intervention. It is a very important line of the Constitution and a standard to which all other rights, freedoms and protections are borne. The Founders knew that without a free society, there could be no United States of America.Other laws that ensure legal and ethical behavior in media are procure law and libel. Copyright laws protect intellectual property and creative works. (Vivian, 2011) These laws stretch from books and publications to music, catch phrases, and logos. Copyright laws ensure that proper credit is given to the creator and that net income cannot be made from someone elses work. It is easy to see how this can be applied to media as lifting work from another party for ratings or financial gain is not just unethical, but also illegal. defame laws also protect people from being defamed or attacked in ways that can impose on _or_ oppress a persons reputation. (Vivian, 2011) False attacks on a person can lead to lawsuits or damages being incurred on the attacking party. Libel laws make sure that accountability is being addressed when going after a particular subject.Almost every right and protection comes with some marrow of responsibility. The first amendment does not protect a person from inciting riots, viciously and falsely attacking another person or business or using someone elses work to better their own. As technology continues to develop, it is even more important to ensure that these regulations on press, media and speech are instilled.Mass media can seem both tangible and intangible. Images, press releases, books, publications, and entertainment are all very visible things. However, media is also fluid, evolving and significantly hinges on the intangibles and the unpredictable forces in our society. With each day that technology grows, the media is already in catch-up mode. When hard-back boo ks became e-books, marketing techniques and accessibility had to change. When music was now played on invisible things files instead of discs, the music industry had to deploy new ways of making albums interesting. The products are all very solid objects, however, the road there is often shrouded in mystery.As a result, mass media and society live and breathe together. Without each other, neither exists. Media affects our society every day, whether it isthrough self-image, politics or interests. Society itself puts a demand on media to deliver all of these products. Does the loafer wag the dog? That would then force us to decide who is the tail and who is the dog.Cary, M. 2010. 5 Ways New Media Are Changing Politics. The US News & creation Report. http//www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2010/02/04/5-ways-new-media-are-changing-politics Accessed on October 18, 2014 Duflo, E. 2008. Does the mass-media have political influence? Vox. http//www.voxeu.org/article/does-mass-media-influence -voters-evidence-us Accessed on October 18, 2014. Groesz, L., Levine, M., Murnen, S. March 2001. The Effect of experimental Presentation of Thin Media Images on Body ecstasy A Meta-Analytic Review. Department of Psychology. Kenyon College. King, D. 2012. Peers, mass media exposure can influence attitudes on sexual activity. The Big News. http//www.bgnews.com/in_focus/peers-mass-media-exposure-can-influence-attitudes-on-sexual-activity/article_cf259f12-6291-11e1-8406-001871e3ce6c.html Accessed on October 18, 2014. Shiver Jr., J. 2005. Television Awash in Sex, consider Says. Los Angeles Times. http//articles.latimes.com/2005/nov/10/business/fi-tvsex10 Accessed on October 18, 2014. Vivian, J. 2011. The Media of Mass Communication. Tenth Edition. Chapter 16. Pg. 425-436.

Prewriting Assignment Essay

Times I Saw an Adult CryI. I was very young when I first saw an adult cry. I did non actu bothy see an adult cry in person I saw it on television. Nonetheless, it was the first time I have seen an adult fuddle crying. That night, I was at home with the babysitter when my gravel left to run some errands. I remember that the babysitter tucked me to my bed early and I immediately fell asleep. After some time, I was awakened by the sounds of people talking. It was rather loud, and I could hear the voices of a piece and a char in conversation. Out of curiosity, I got out of bed and opened the bedroom door. At first, I thought that maybe the babysitter had some company.So I carefully walked downstairs to the den, where the babysitter usu wholey stays. I took a peek and found her alone. The sounds I heard came from the television she was only watching a movie. I remember that it was an old movie, as it was in black and white. To my surprise, the woman in the movie began to cry. I was s urprised because I have never seen the adults in my stomach cry. I thought crying were only for babies and young children. After that, I learned that adults can also cry.II. When I was younger, my family and I were on a passageway trip. The trip was gener all toldy smooth, until my father decided to take a short cut. He was driving the car, and he turned left to a narrow shite road. It proved to be a wrong decision the road led to a cemetery, where a burial was taking place. The width of the road made it unmanageable to pass through, but the parked cars on both sides of the road made it more problematic. The traffic ca utilize my father to drive slowly, allowing me to witness the burial. I saw all of the mourners all of them were dressed in black. However, a man stood out in the crowd out of his sheer size.As a child, I was terrified of bald, fatheaded men. They all seemed intimidating to me. The man in the cemetery was tall, stocky and bald. Because he appeared intimidating, I did not expect him to cry in the burial. I was not used to seeing men cry, especially those of his size. I was expecting him to be simply serious but not emotional. Besides, it was said that men do not cry. As we drove past the cemetery, I caught a glimpse of him pulling out a handkerchief and wiping his eyes. He was indeed crying. I contemplated that maybe the grief over the hurt of a loved one may have been too much to bear, that it prompted a seemingly intimidating man to cry.III. Our next door neighbor was a woman with two children. The woman had fair skin and dark curly hair. She was remarkably thin and was rarely seen at home. My mother said that she worked two jobs so she could impart the rent and feed her children. I always liked her because whenever she was around, she would smile at me and her eyes would seem to smile too. She had those distinct smiling eyes. One day, my mother and I went out of the house as we were hearing loud noises from her home.We saw this tall ma n coming out of her house, dragging the children with him. She was screaming while grabbing on to the mans arm. She tried to stop him, but her small frame was no match to the mans physique. The children were shouting for their mother as the man dragged them into the car. The man immediately hopped in the drivers seat, closed the door, and drove away. The woman just stood there in the street, her eyes still fixed on the car that just disappeared. A minute later(prenominal), she bowed her head and covered her face with her hands. Then she began to cry. Her cries became louder, and soon all our neighbors were already watching her. I later found out that the man was her former husband and her childrens father. She worked so hard to take care of her children, only for them to be taken away from her. I never saw her smiling eyes again. She soon moved out. I believe it was after that incident when I truly began to have respect for oneness mothers who work hard to take care of their kids. IV. I am used to witnessing marriage proposals on television. I have seen programs wherein the men would go down on one knee and the woman would then gasp in shock, cover their mouths with their hands and become motionless for a few seconds. Afterwards, they would become hysterical in glee. In the past, I thought that such moments were too emotional. My opinion changed when I witnessed a marriage proposal firsthand. I was in a coffee fail with a friend when a couple entered. They looked like the average couple nothing seemed extraordinary about the two of them.The woman took her seat, while the man went to the reverberation to order. I did not pay them much attention afterwards. It was not until much later when I realized they were deaf-mute, when I noticed that they were using sign language. I did not expect a proposal to occur, not in a coffee shop. So when I saw the man go down on one knee, I was taken aback. My friend and I watched closely, along with the other customers, as t he woman nodded and hugged his future husband. As the people in the shop cheered, tears were streaming down her face. Unlike other women, she did not overreact. She was just happy, and her tears showed it. I guess true love does make people happy, and the happiness does not have to be showy to be expressed.V. One time, I had the chance to watch The Oprah Winfrey Show. I can remember that the episode featured a middle-aged African-American woman who took care of many children. I cannot recall if she was married, but I know she had three children. When the womans siblings died, she took the responsibility of raising them as well. She and the children had to cram themselves in a small three-bedroom house. She worked several jobs to support these kids, most of which are not even her own. The problem was that the home was not hers and if she did not pay a certain amount within the specified time, they would be evicted. The woman and the children were invited to the show where they were t o receive gifts from Oprah.They were given things they needed they received new beds, kitchen appliances, and even a van. However, the biggest surprise of all was when Oprah announced that they would be shopping for a new home. The woman hugged Oprah tight, and wiped the tears running down her face. I knew the woman was happy because of all the material things she received. Most importantly, I know those tears were of gratitude. It was not the material things per se that she was grateful for she was thankful for the help that those things could offer her and the children. I knew she deserved those things for all her dedication and hard work. Still, she was very grateful.

Chattanooga Ice Cream Case Essay

ABSTRACTIn this paper I will do an analysis on what I think cause the downfall of battle of Chattanooga Ice glance over. I will also give and observation of the Chattanooga Ice Cream Division and how overlook of respect and communication caused them to lose one of their biggest clients. I assay Charlie Moores leadership style. I will see how things could generate been handled differently, if they would have applied squadwork and good leadership to the equation.INTRODUCTIONChattanooga Ice Cream, Inc. was a ingredient of Chattanooga Food Corporation, which was founded in 1936. The Ice Cream Division of Chattanooga Foods was one of the largest regional ice cream manufacturers in the United States, (Sloane, The Chattanooga Ice Cream Division, HBR, p.2). Follo temptg the loss of Stay & Shop one of their largest customer, Charlie Moore the divisions president and general manager, and his executive management had severalmeetings to discuss the future of the division and their product. Moore was responsible for the out pass off of the companys future, and dealing with the contrasted attitudes and opinions of the members of his police squad. It was his responsibility to make sure everyone was on the same page to lay out the company back up and running properly.CHARLIE MOORE AS A LEADERIf I had to give detail as to what type of leader Charlie Moore was on the DiSC he would be a S & C leader. He preferred an neat surround. He believed in collaborating to get things accomplished.The Downfall of Chattanooga Ice Cream 4He strived to make progress in the company. He wanted to financial aid the company meet its goals with getting its products back on the market and being competitive. He also wanted to have the team up make steady and wakeful progress toward meeting the goals for the company. Moore values groups efforts. He is not an aggressive leader and tends to avoid competitive environments and conflict. Disdaining such behavior, Moore feigned a deafen ear to it, hoping his subordinates would get the signal and cease complaining about each other.,(Sloane,2003, p.2). These are all good qualities to have in a leader, but I think it also led to his failure as a leader.When Moore took over the division he came with a history of leading openly, preferring to operate in an environment of group decision making. He assumed that everyone would be able to come together in agreement as to what direction the company should go in. His idea proved detrimental to the team. As the management team was incapable of coming to a compromise, because they had no respect for their teammates. Their action physically and verbally showed a lack of go for for one another.Everyone was pointing the finger, and no one person saw fault in their part of the companys downfall. Moore never developed an environment of trust among his team members.Moore did not prepare the team for the change that was to come. He needed to prepare organizations for change and help them cope as they struggle through it workweek 2, Lecture -What Great Leaders Do. Instead of showing positive energy (Welch, 2005, p.84) he called the team together to mourn (Sloane, 2003, p.1). So he had already mess a negative atmosphere for the meeting. Moore showed a lack of Candor. As a leader he should have all the questions, and those questions should create a debate among the team members, Rule 6 Leaders probe with curiosity that borders on skepticism, making sure your questions unleash debate and raise issues that get action (Welch,2005,p.74). Charlie should have come into those meetings with a communication strategy. That way the team would have understanding, and everyone would support a common vision.THE TEAM DYNAMIC AND DYSFUNCTIONAll companies have ups and downs. All companies win accounts and loose accounts. What all companies should not have are teams that bicker, point the finger at each other and dont communicate. This type of behavior is characteristic of an unhealt hy environment, and will be detrimental to a company. That is the type of behavior that was displayed by the Chattanooga Ice Cream Division. When the Shop & Stay account was scattered each of the management team members seemed to think that the blame for the loss of the account laid in every other incision other than their own. They thought that, that department needed to be corrected. Rather than taking a good close look at their department, and seeing what could be improved there.There were a dish of negative energy and emotions involved in the meetings, which halted the chance for satisfying teamwork. There were too many Chiefs and not enough Indians. Everyone was acting as managers except for the realmanager. Moore was a leader who do decisions publically. Unlike the former manager of the division who made decisions privately without the consensus of the rest of the team.THE DOWNFALL OF CHATTANOOGA ICE CREAM 7The old leadership did not foster an environment where team work and group decisions were accommodated. They in turn did not know how to communicate with one another, and the team dynamic became one of conflict. There were no clear operating rules for the team on how decisions were going to be made. Week 4, Lecture Building High transaction Teams suggests that when managers agree on ground rules in advance, the teams are much more likely to run efficiently, which Moore did not do.RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHATTANOOGA ICE CREAM DIVISIONMy origin recommendation would be for Charlie Moore to see that is not just one of the team members. He is the Manager, their Supervisor. No goals can be obtained and no decisions can be made if he as there leader does not step up and take ownership of his role. You want bigger solutions ask questions healthy debate, decisions, and actions will get everyone there (Welch, 2005, p. 76). A team will only be as good as its leader. If I were the leader I would have the teams do inquiry on the competitors. Then I would have them target other clients to take on our product to make up for the clients we lost. I would also create an environment to get the team motivated to accomplish a new goal, and have them focus their efforts on one vision.I would also strategically pair the team members individual weaknesses and strengths together, not only to complement each other, but to build credibility and trust among the team. As a leader I would start to build a foundation for candor, voice, and dignity going forward. By setting these rules in place the team will learn how to communicate effectively. By makingthese changes this will ensure each individual has a voice, while not obstructing the process of productivity.

Elements of gambling Essay

There are two elements of Gambling, including game of chance and gaming mentality. Chance means people cannot control the outcome of an event alone with possibility of winning. Player wagers money on irreversible bet in which the outcome relies on chance. Gambling mentality means the get outing to take risk. To attempt on something is to take a risk on something in which the stake is involved. Pathological Approach to problem gambling Problem gambling is defined as pathological gambling under APA DSMVI.Pathological gambling is an impulsive control disorder in which there is a chronic and progressive failure to decline impulses to gamble. The concept of addiction of gambling is similar to alcohol and drug addiction in APA model. Gambling is a kind of process addiction. Gamblers enjoy the excitement, tension and first moment over than the outcome of a gambling event. Gamblers described having the feeling of high similar to that experienced form cocaine in outer-body. There is a control in which people have intense preoccupation with gambling to the exclusion of other interests.There is also a problem of tolerance. It means gamblers go forth at long last spend more money than they intended on gambling, they will lose track of time and control over money betted. In other words, they will gamble from simple to complex high risk and high return betting. We can also see the gamblers have withdrawal symptoms, like irritable, nervous indignant and restless.Action gambler Mahjong Tends to be arrogant Desire to control Self-centered, insecure, disregard for authority Easily frustrated, impatient and demanding Highly competitive but habituated up on the conventional way of competition Attracted to competitive games and those required skills Likely men who started their gambling activities at an earlier state.Gambling gives them a sense of self-enhancement and self-expression Escape gambler Lack of confidence / no self-esteem due to insufficient knowledge and sk ills Games with no skills involved, e. g. slot machine because no one will judge them Likely to be women who began gambling much later in life than action gamblers Gambling is an emotional reaction to whatever personal or relationship issues they are trying to escape from.Later pathological accounts on problem gambling All pathological gamblers were involved in social gambling for a period of time before they lost control over gambling A significant stressor or greater exposure to gambling very much precipitated the sudden onset of pathological gambling. Modern Pathological explanations on problem gambling Modern pathology theories do not argue for determinism but instead blaspheme on the concept of probability- in the sense of the relative frequency of detail, relative chances of happening- explain pathological gambling.E. g. Medical Model Medical Model-BlumeAn explanation for deviant behavior that locates its source within the individual and assumes that the behavior is the re sult of physiological, constitutional, or organic characteristics of the person interacting with the environment.Different psychological and physiological causes of gambling1. transmittable abnormality that provide a predisposition for disease 1 / 2 2. Mental illness- resulting from obsession or a compulsion3. Abnormal level of dopamine=/=occurrence of sickness It depends on its interaction with other risk factors e. g gender, family influence, ageSolution Counseling and financial management Weakness Classical -> Ambiguous judgement.

Comparison and Contrast of Two Legal Journals

Upon first pondering the idea of comparing two legal journals, I automatically summoned thoughts of lugging a seventy pound book over to a table then blowing the dust off of it. In reality I found several journals to choose from, each with a few issues to select from. I chose running game Journal of Association of Trial Lawyers of America and Law Practice commission as my journals to study/contrast. They were quite a stark contrast to what I imagined them to be, visually as salubrious as in regard to content.Though the content and themes of the two journals differed, they were written in relatively similar ocabulary levels and style. I adage no advantages in one over the some other, since they cover different subjects and some(prenominal) would or so likely spread out beneficial if in the possession of a Neither journal was intimidating, as I had perceived them to be in my imagination. Both journals followed a relatively similar information layout to that of PC Monthly or au to & Truck Digest, in that they resemble a magazine with an editorial section and a News and Trends section.They were both written in a vocabulary that was not heady at all in my look any college student should manage reading it easily. In the case of Law Practice Management, one whitethorn need a firm grasp on financial lingo for some of the specialized articles relating to book backuping, except beside that, both journals were as easy to understand as Life magazine. Both journals had a special center on in each issue, with Trial mainly focusing on issues like civil rights, internet law, and other current issues that trial lawyers may not be familiar with.Some of the actual articles were The Violence Against Women bout, Police misconduct, and Looking at State Constitutions. Law Practice Management eals with topics relevant to lawyers as well as other corporate professionals that may deal with the legal profession, such as how to keep good relations with clients, how to increas e your profits with legal fees. Their special feature of one issue was x ways to make more money, and another was Keeping a life-long client.The journal also includes a large editorial section in the front of the magazine, followed by news on current technologies liable(p) to the legal field. Both journals had rather small articles, but most all questions posed were answered thoroughly. Though most articles were concise, there were no gaps in their eporting of the story. Law Practice Management was relatively straightforward and unbiased, however, Trial seemed to lay claim a liberal stance with how they structured their articles relating to civil rights.I took no offense to this, because I list to take a more liberal stance on civil rights as well as other political issues. Being somewhat certain that I will continue to pursue a future as a lawyer and politician, I believe that this served as a helpful submission to journals I may subscribe to in the future. A trial lawyer seem s like an interesting profession, and Trial seems to be n easy-to-read, relaxed way of staying abreast current issues relevant to being a trial lawyer.The articles atomic number 18 informative, yet do not drag on for two or four pages. The vocabulary is evenhandedly simplistic, and should not pose an intellectual threat to any individual in the law profession. Most pack in the law industry probably want to maximize their profit potentials, where upon Law Practice Management will prove beneficial. This journal, too, is easy reading, and deals with current high-tech tools helpful in the legal field, as well as informative tips on a lawyers people and professional skills.

Communication and Its Importance in Creating Conflict Essay

Conflict is essential in entirely works of fiction, whether it might a simple disagreement in a marriage or internally trying to deal with guilt. The real flavor situations of transcriber of Maladies connect the problems with communication with booking that will arise. In Interpreter of Maladies, communication problems in the short stories A transient Matter, This blithesome House, and Interpreter of Maladies resulted in conflict.In A Temporary Matter, the conflict in was the game that Shoba and Shukamar played, referring to the revealing wiz truth about oneself when there were not any lights, and the game where they were hiding from separately other, hoping to avoid awkward encounters. This was an internal conflict from Shukumars perspective because Shukumar was thinking of how to play his next move in govern to in force(p)ly restore the relationship. Now he had to struggle to say something that interested he, something that made her look up from her plate, or from proofr eading files. Shukumar position the purpose of the game where the couple would share previously unknown facts was that it would restore their relationship.Shukumar thinking the game was employ in order to reconcile and reform the marriage. But he was gravely mistaken. Shoba used this game to tell him that she was moving out. It sickened Shukumar, knowing that she had spent these past evening s preparing for a life without him. (21). The internal conflict in Shukumar was a result of miscommunication on Shobas part. She rarely communicated her thoughts and feelings after the stillbirth, and Shukumar took this as a sign to not talk. This resulted in their relationship slowing fading, and finally to the point of avoidance.In This Blessed House Sanjeev and Twinkle had many fights throughout the story because of the Christian artifacts that were laid throughout the house. Sanjeev believed it was impractical, since both he and Twinkle were not Christian. When he unploughed on insisting on eradicating the religious objects, Twinkle insisted on keeping them. While Sanjeev had a practical and logical reason of why, he never effectively compromised with Twinkle, and kept on believing that he was right. And without the proper compromise and communication, it resulted in Sanjeev not understanding Twinkles emotions.He was quite surprised when he saw Twinkle cry in the bath. Oh God, please, Twinkle, I didnt mean it. But Finally in the ratiocination, they reached a compromise and managed to continue on to the party. But the conflict arose because of Sanjeevs inconsideration and not communicating his thoughts along with listening to Twinkles approach. In the end they settled on a compromise the statue would be placed in a recess at the side of the house, so that it wasnt obvious to passerby, but was still clearly visible to all who came. make up though they come to a compromise, it was after Sanjeev made Twinkle cry, which is a poor example of effective communication.In Interpreter of Maladies, Mr. Karpasi was under a delusion that Mrs. coney was interested in him. The conflict was Mr. Karpasis internal struggle interpreting Mrs. Dass actions and determining whether she liked him or not. As he stole glances in the rear view mirror, wrapping elastic bands around Tinas hair, he wondered how he might make this tour a little longer. He stated that he was an interpreter in the story. Mrs. Das inferred that he was some sort of psychologist or therapist that would cure her of her guilt that she had been holding in. but she was mistaken, Mr Karpasi essentially was a translator for a doctor. But many people do not express Gujarati in this area, including the doctor. And so the doctor asked me to work in his office interpreting what the patients say.He did not mathematical process any knowledge in the field of which Mrs. Das was interested in. When Mrs. Das was asked by Mr. Karpasi about why she told him about the illegitimate child, Mrs. Das said, Well dont you have anything to say? I thought that it as your job. Mr. Karpasi responded with, My job is to give tours, Mrs. Das. Mrs. Das continued with, Not that. Your other job. As an interpreter. Mrs. Karpasi answered with, But we do not face a language barrier. What need is there for an interpreter? Mrs. Das completely misunderstand Mr. Karpasi in what he meant as an interpreter. She was only interested in Mr. Karpasi because she believed that Mr. Karpasi would cure of her guilt. On the contrary, Mr. Karpasi thought that Mrs. Das was interested in him in an attracting fashion.In Interpreter of Maladies, communication problems in the short stories A Temporary Matter, This Blessed House, and Interpreter of Maladies resulted in conflict. In A Temporary Matter, Shoba gave Shukumar the ideal that she was trying to reform their marriage when her true purpose was to end it. She also is responsible for their avoidance with each other. In This Blessed House, Sanjeev was oblivious to Twinkl es connections to the Mary statue, and kept on force per unit area his belief.This resulted in a fight in which Sanjeev finally realized his misdemeanor. In Interpreter of Maladies, Mr. Karpasi miscommunicated what his job was, which whence resulted Mrs. Das giving him a problem that he could not solve. Mrs. Das regarded Mr. Karpasi with interest because she believed that Mr. Karpasi can dish out her. However this resulted in her humiliation when she told Mr. Karpasi her biggest secret that she believed he could resolve. Communication is essential to the everyday life of humans. A small mistake in communication can destroy a relationship or runner an unwanted situation. It is essential that people would communicate in order to create a more static relationship.

Argumentative Essay about College Experience

Hey Ben I was talking with Sean yesterday when he told me the news, youre preparedness to delay college. This came as a shock to me when I heard it. By non attending college, you may get a years relaxation method and a chance to have in mind your decisions through, but if you constantly do judge to attend college, you leave miss out on a lot of opportunities as well. I think you should consider going to college rather than driving the open road after advanced The information youve lettered in High groom will be more fresh in your mind at one time than 1 year from in a flash.You have passed 12 years of schooling, yet now you intrust it is time to rest and see other places and people for a year or more earlier attempting college. College adds 4 more years of intense work, yet knowledge learned within High School can turn learning new material easier for you. Other people often find themselves acquiring sidetracked once they bewilder off the option to attend college, that can only hinder your ability to finally become a college graduate. College can be a fun pay off if shared with friends and people of standardized age. By aiting an trim year or two, you will find it more uncomfortable within your classes.The built-in college experience involves parties, football games, and drinking beer with your buddies as well as an program line. As you get into the entire experience and enjoy college, you will understand and appreciate what a college offers. The ideal time for college is now more than incessantly as you similarly have scholarships and your parents to athletic supporter with the expensive money arrangement which is needed. Parents can be a great divine service in compensable for your college, and may be willing to pay much more mmediately after beginning from High School, than paying 2 years afterwards.Scholarships are always helpful to students, paying for a subatomic bit of an expensive college. Although, to use the scholarship , you must go immediately to college. A College education right now is a lot more beneficial to you and your future than you may realize. It can melt down to earlier jobs with change magnitude salaries, better college experience, and scholarships to help pay for it all. I hope the arguments I mentioned above help you to see the other side of this situation and choose appropriately.Argumentative Essay about College ExperienceHey Ben I was talking with Sean yesterday when he told me the news, youre planning to delay college. This came as a shock to me when I heard it. By not attending college, you may get a years rest and a chance to think your decisions through, but if you ever do decide to attend college, you will miss out on a lot of opportunities as well. I think you should consider going to college rather than driving the open road after High The information youve learned in High School will be more fresh in your mind now than 1 year from now.You have passed 12 years of schooli ng, yet now you believe it is time to rest and see other places and people for a year or more before attempting college. College adds 4 more years of intense work, yet knowledge learned within High School can make learning new material easier for you. Other people often find themselves getting sidetracked once they put off the option to attend college, that can only hinder your ability to eventually become a college graduate. College can be a fun experience if shared with friends and people of similar age. By aiting an extra year or two, you will find it more uncomfortable within your classes.The entire college experience involves parties, football games, and drinking beer with your buddies as well as an education. As you get into the entire experience and enjoy college, you will understand and appreciate what a college offers. The ideal time for college is now more than ever as you also have scholarships and your parents to help with the expensive money arrangement which is needed. Parents can be a great help in paying for your college, and may be willing to pay much more mmediately after graduation from High School, than paying 2 years afterwards.Scholarships are always helpful to students, paying for a little bit of an expensive college. Although, to use the scholarship, you must go immediately to college. A College education right now is a lot more beneficial to you and your future than you may realize. It can lead to earlier jobs with increased salaries, better college experience, and scholarships to help pay for it all. I hope the arguments I mentioned above help you to see the other side of this situation and choose appropriately.