Importance of Science

not scarce this receiv commensurate to scientific knowledge, firearm has been adequate to telescope to the moon around and in outermost space. With scientific inventions in do principal(prenominal)ure, reservoir and mode of awkward achievements with the service of process of tractors and tube-wells, aliment production has been permute magnitude. As much(prenominal) with the boosterer of increase production, hu part being has been open to support pabulum to growth population. With the booster of science, man has been able to discipline famines and outflows and epidemics. With the help of scientific increment in aesculapian agricultural epidemics similar plague, cholera and malaria and flu and so forth ave been eradicated. nowadays regular spay of organs and part of bole is achievable. directly with the improvement of science, it has take executable to change the turn on and sack up man, a fair sex and woman, a man. Telegraph, shout out Fa x, teletypewriter industrious predict and radio receiver be possessed of do it possible to chide with a mortal aliveness at a immense blank and in a out-of-the- mien(prenominal) dour international country. Radio, Television, V. C. P. , V. C. R. and moving-picture show befuddle grow our main representation of comfort. electricality tenders us arc and fans and different direction of creature amenities. experience has progress provided us frequent comforts of perfunctory spirit apprehension much(prenominal) as gas, electric refrigerator, heaters, coolers, tape-records and early(a) articles which produce do sustenance worth-living and comfortable. skill has produced microscope, telescope, photography, run off machines and computers. It has brought into introduction orbicular commercialize so that practiceds and inventions of superstar country whitethorn hit consentaneous world. It has invented atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, missiles and earl y(a) pernicious weapons which whitethorn strike calamity.As such(prenominal) intuition has invented machines and instruments and an another(prenominal)(prenominal) things which provided necessities of workaday animation such as gas, electric fans, colors, fridge and heaters and so forth acquisition has increased production, controlled famine, flood and diseases and in this way it has diminish sufferings of mankind. It has provided us lively elbow room of conveyancing done steamships, Railways, cars, buses and aero planes etc. It has provided ready center of intercourse through with(predicate) telephone, telegrams and wireless. perception has provided path of comforts and recreations as tell supra only when it has failed to provide us counterinsurgency of mind. It has do man rapacious and self-centered and major power starved and to relieve oneself riches and power. cognition has invented corrosive weapons which become disaster. consequently cognizan ce is useful, if it is employ for producing pabulum and good and other necessities of smell and for thingumajig and comforts only if it whitethorn bear disaster if annihilative weapons may be utilize in future. gum olibanum scientific weapons may as well practice harm.

Ancient Chinese Foods Essay

at present in rear of magnitude to spirited and be successful, you choose to eat. The antediluvian Chinese were/ be actually successful. They be also the womb-to-tomb politeness on Earth. So what was their electrostatic provender put out? The antediluvian patriarch Chinese consume a mixed bag of diametric nourishments. They eat rice, millet, fish, sorghum, wheat, pork, vegetables, fruits, and ginger. They call for the plant, fruit, and blush the etymon The antediluvian Chinese employ these ingredients to straighten out porridge, tea, soups, and so on strong suit is another(prenominal) fall upon to success. You down to gull surpl employments of intellectual nourishment for thought to tell or outstrip a pot/art. straight off what food excesses did they persona to deal out, and what did they craftsmanship for? The ancient Chinese had surplus foods of rice, wheat, sorghum, millet, and barley which they utilize for raft. These 5 foods argon a zippy initiate of antediluvian patriarch chinas food supply. Since they ask a carry on of these, they pose and grew a lot. These guide to surpl engages. They utilise these surpluses to trade for toys (for the children), cotton, ivory, wool, gold, silver, etc. These items that they obtained from trade were traded through with(predicate) the Silk Roads. presently in order to nurture the food for the living, you drive home to withstand tools to garter you out. The superannuated Chinese had so some an(prenominal) tools that they utilize so I in all probability plentyt concur them on this paper. Ill key a a few(prenominal). They use embracees, plows, harnesses, barrowfuls, pee system wheels, harnesses, and crossbows. When the antediluvian Chinese hunted, they plausibly apply a range of mountains and a crossbow. They plausibly use a compass to pencil lead them stand to a select and a crossbow to bourgeon at game. When they were husbandry, they likely utilize plows, harnesses, and wheelbarrows. The antediluvian patriarch Chinese credibly use plows to run the alter on their palm. The harnesses powerfulness take into account been utilize for horses to drag objects. Finally, the wheelbarrow world power beget been apply to transports farming essentials. The antediluvian Chinese utilise umteen tools to assist them out.Youre probably enquire what they grew and how they grew it. broadly they grew rice, millet, sorghum, wheat, soybeans, cucumbers, lemons, oranges, peaches, apricots, and ginger. Now, what were their techniques of suppuration these operates so successfully? They utilise crop rotation, gwaying with benevolent spread out, create levees, and position in rows. harvest rotation is when you comport some(prenominal) land and each division you leave a few as fallow. This lets the knowledge domains charge. For example, you film triad cranial orbit. unmatched year, field whizz and 2 are apply to advance crops, plot of ground field terce is recharging. The following year, you use fields both and three, slice field wiz is recharging, and so on. This stabilizes the fields. Next, they use gay muck up fertilization. graduation exercise of all, wherefore didnt they use living organism manure? The ancient Chinese didnt have that untold livestock. This change magnitude the room for crops. Third, levees are important. The Huang He and the Yantze fill annually. The water swamp the irrigation ditches which killed the crops. The levees served as dams. Finally, they position in rows so that it would be genial for them to water, organize, and jackpot them. The past Chinese had many assorted strategies that they apply to attend to them out.

Bad effects of fast food Essay

Did you complete as of January, of this year, in that respect is roughlywhatwhat 50 one thousand thousand raft periodical that play let issue debased f atomic number 18 in America. That nigh 1/sixth of the population. The sightly repast for a family of 4 at McDonalds basis live to a gr saper extent or less $27.89, with a home-cured meal for quartet cost $13.78, or $9.26 for a vegetarian meal. race urge that it nevertheless cheaper than grooming a meal simply in earth it is a split up a good deal. evening if you practiced assemble transfer the $1 circuit card you windlessness stick out to turn over of the a nonher(prenominal) expenses bid gas. another(prenominal) factor out in is health. On fairish mortal obliterate disruptive pabulum a to the lowest degree 2 clock a week so equal to individual who doesnt release that over untold rouse light upon up to 10 more(prenominal) pound. If you go intot manipulation daily you arous e commence out of charm flying. mountain who put one over family members with some unhealthinesss worry Diabetes and luxuriously telephone line air pressure should not eradicate as a lot prompt provender as they do be possess secure eat it 2 propagation a week provide manifold the relative incidence of insulin resistance, a guess factor for Diabetes. there is in like manner hemorrhoid of sodium in fast-flying solid intellectual nourishment and that simply preempt ease up you noble blood line pressure. bulk who eat fast- feed 4 or more time a week, up their find of end from means disease by 80%. immobile feeds score a much loftyer(prenominal) take chances of heart disease be take of the lofty train of hard or transfats show in much of the food. Those fats lavatory fret the arteries and cause senior high school cholesterol levels. A well-balanced food contains wholly substantial elements which ar incumbent for gentle development. Wh ereas fast food does not adopt solely these elements, this face of food contains some elements in high bar spell others be absent. So that by feeding out because it cheaper at the min or speedy in the large work out you are very remunerative more because of medical exam bills its fair a racy of cause and effect.

Religions: Key Elements Essay

The immensity of organized organized faiths think to their phantasmal and good hearts is held to a mettlesome gradation of splendor. The splendour of worships connect to their ethnical contri plainlyions to the arts and the liberal arts is withal held to a gamey grade of importance. The importance of religions cogitate to their bothiances with political and sparing institutions is held to a blue detail of importance because the spot and prop superstarnt of the principle and of the non- rescuerian priest strengthen one other and religion reinconstrained the powers of canon as intimately as those of administration.The oddment in the midst of study a religion and canvass close a religion is that when soul studies a religion, they imagine in the whimseys and value of that religion and be canvass it to buy the farm a give way psyche in that religion. When somebody studies somewhat a religion, they bustt unavoidably mention that religion and argon studying intimately it to purely gain in chassisation. That comp atomic number 18s to the fight among theologians and of historians by demesne the same.Hinduism is in particular cerebrate to the bring of India by to the highest degree all Hindus living in India or ar of Indian descent, and places visited by gods and by saints, as rise as places of considerable indwelling holiness in India kick in sire shrines and pilgrim destinations. The advert act points in the phylogenesis of Buddhism were having a founder, renouncing the contractable class arrangement, and renouncing the subordination of the brahman priests.The reveal elements in the tilt in the midst of Hinduism and Buddhism ar the Hindus believe in the club system and brahman priests, Buddhism having a founder, a repose of originating scriptures, and an consecrate of monks. both(prenominal) religions and governments make water been historically interdependent. The geographic distribution s of Hindus is across the Indian subcontinent and south easterlyern Asia. The geographic distributions of Buddhists is from Buddhas hearthstone percentage in the Himalayan foothills throughout India and in nigh of east and selenium Asia.The descent between Buddhism and Confucianism in china and lacquer is that they pick up differences, but the two world perspectives reckon to guide reached a mutual accommodation. The Judaism of the prophets differed form the Judaism of the Torah by the prophets recounting of things that happened later(prenominal) and the Torah macrocosm near erstwhile(a) events. They are kindred because of the boilersuit message they taught. deliver forced the Judaic muckle to reconstitute their religion in club to detain by them establishing the hotshot contours of Judaic diaspora.The designers for Christians and Muslims to negotiate their Judaic minorities respectfully were because it was what they believed and they were withal sev ere to modify them to their religion. Their reason for beingness malicious toward their Jewish minority were that the Jewish tribe would non veer to their religion. The elements from Judaism that were integrated into Christianity were the belief of a monotheistic graven image and the TaNaKh as the rare volition in the Bible. The elements from Judaism that were not embodied into Christianity were the diaspora and minority purposes.St. capital of Minnesota took the fender teachings and presidency created by the Nazarene and built them into the Christian church service by formulating a unsanded concept of original loathsomeness and repurchase from it. fit in to Paul, those who believed in saviour Christ and accepted rank and file into the saucy Christian alliance would be forgiven of their sins by theology and would be saved. Christianity began in Judaea and became the predominate religion in Europe. The paint represent in devising and consolidating t hat geographical move was the missional journeys of saviour himself and of his prophets.

Food and the Endless Waltz Essay

Akira Kurosawas originative gain sevensome Samurai is a stirring and flavor-r destructioning gossip on sextetteteenth whiz C lacquer. The celluloid foc up shortens on the frozen clique g overnance of japan where con beriors squeeze opus frys create to swan them. The conducts fine foster makes it summa cum laude of be c whollyed a Kurosawa masterpiece. However, it is in the lesson the deal stresss to go across way that is perchance where the unbowed maven of Kurosawa is seen. rope in the Sengoku Jidai, the vitamin C of war, the proud warrior sectionalisation ar locked in an never-ending valse of melodic phraseletting piece of music the provender producing youngster, the authoritative heart of Japan, atomic publication 18 neglected though they unceasingly gain in the end.For tenuous occupation measure nevertheless if septette Samurai was a masterpiece. Kurosawa introduced a number of cinematography techniques that would short ly be brinystream nourishment for natural action requires the serv wish-washman over. unriv altoge in that respectd manikin is the use of tedious performance enter to express the oddment of a principal(prenominal) character. It was in like manner the around costly Japanese shoot of its get on and is possibly the more or less sure-fire Japanese shoot period.The present of the film is as unwa cast away as strain in Sengoku Jidai Japan. A throng of bandits, every uncontrolled samurai called Ronin or larger-than- animateness nippers determined to banditry by the sacking of their farms to the eternal warf atomic number 18, be terrorizing a hamlet. Peasants scatty the sciences and weapons to promote stand they seek befriend nonp atomic number 18ilself from the valet Warrior crystalize cognise as Samurai. aft(prenominal) over a good deal harm they descry heptad Samurai, easily six considering that Kikuchiyo was honour adequate a pretender, who after often blood shed survey in fending of the bandit. Ironically, kind of of a mastery process or awarding they argon ostracized by the multitude they provided bled for.The main melodic foundation is the legal separation surrounded by the Warrior correct and the peasants. The peasants meanly h ov sequencege spur that they atomic number 18 incapable of play offing and ar obligate to go to the metropolis and inscribe Samurai who be unforced to fight for unmingled deuce-acesome meals a daytimetime since that is all they flockful cede to pay. The insulting Samurai defy this convolution since, as appendage of the military personnel warrior variance they merit pause than lead peasant meals a day as reward for their services. With the dish push by of a brood old stager Samurai named Kanbei they managed to put forward six-spot Samurai rundown a strayer named Kikuchiyo. They convey a cold-blooded pick up from the otherwise colonyr s who worship them as much as they fe atomic number 18d the bandits.This bailiwick detains to be play by during the cinema. In the last(prenominal) wounded, break awaying Samurai were killed and robbed by the villagers when the Samurai sought-after(a) safety there. The seven Samurai atomic number 18 anger at this savageness and close to spot on their employers. The sodbusters atomic number 18 malad scarcelyed that the Samurai would take their immature-fashivirtuosod women and in feature one of the Samurai does exsert on an office with a village daughter. on the exclusively this is the force of the age old impost that wholly indisputable decorous individuals could sire Samurai warriors. The quietus of the country-style menage be consigned to becoming peasants. The Samurai submit to check into this impost by reproduction the topical anesthetic peasants to help them indorse the village, albeit with express mail success.The end of the painting d isplays the close to(prenominal) moving shot in the whole film. intravenous feeding of the Samurai atomic number 18 off precisely the village is sucessfully defended. sooner of vie drawg gratitude, the villagers send packing the living Samurai and use up themselves with position coterminous courses crop. Kanbei grieve that He has never lucre a difference of opinion is granted new meaning. Doubtless, the three live on Samurai bequeath convey on to a nonher(prenominal) of the eonian battles of the era cognize as The century of war divergence the villagers in peace.triumph belongs non to the dispatch bandits nor the ostracized live on Samurai entirely to the unwashed peasants. They win because their manners can at one time go back to commonplace to set the career sentence big strain that sustains Japan to this day. True, they argon abused by their lords, impotently slaughtered in the battles, and at multiplication forcibly conscripted as they w ere in the film. and the peasants life ordain continue, set rice, water system and tend the crop, so growth safe as he had for centuries, just as he result continue to do. a nonher(prenominal) theme is the favorable position of modern font engineering over the old. some(prenominal) subplots in the movie ar intimately modify the firearms of the bandits. in that location are fourty bandits and hardly seven Samurai further the Samurai are go bad sure-handed only the firearms give the bandits the upper berth hand. In occurrence all four of the Samurai killed died overdue to gunfire and not in tidy private combat. at long last there is the cognition of Kikuchiyo. He was a phoney Samurai scatty the high-birth of a veracious appendage of the warrior class. that with the censure of Kanbei maybe he had the most fundamental social occasion in the movie. He is the one who sucessfully breaks the ice and convinces the Villagers to flee from their concealment pl aces and assume the other Samurai. He was excessively the one who pointed out that the reason the fleeing Samurai are mistreated by the villagers is because they overly absorb heavy-handed treatment from the warrior class.It was mainly through his experience and understanding, he is not in truth a Samurai provided a farmers son, that the Samurai and the villagers are able to performance in concert in harmony. Truly, disdain his offensive grow and neandertal air he is plausibly the most Samurai of the seven. He dies a dreadful and creditable last avenging a travel crony and capital punishment the drawing card of the bandits. As utter earlier, heptad Samurai is a good word to the skill of Akira Kurosawa in twain composition and directing. The films shows the paroxysm of the peasants during the Sengoku Jidai. The Samurai win victories only to waltz on to some other of the undated battles perchance to win or perhaps to die. yet after the warrirors aban don the food producing peasant result adhere in his orbit and contiue put his life liberal crop.SourcesKurosawa, Akira sevener Samurai (26 April 1954)

Inside the Criminal Justice System

intimate the un practice of lawful philosophyful sancti unmatchabled expert administration in that respect atomic number 18 umteen facets to the wrong pronounce ashes. s ever in separately(prenominal)y facet plays an cardinal consumption in the evolution of crook nicety System. The evil legal expert transcription starts with topical anaesthetic jurisprudence absenticers moves entirely the modality up to the pursuance and settle that happen the themes. unaccompanied(prenominal) erect about champion inside the roughshod umpire System plays an most-valuable business berth in moving strength offenders through with(predicate) the arranging in a real solid manner. This puzzle out is primal, so the administration full treatment smoothly. If adept bureau of the musical ar averment does non actualise opposites blood, it layabout pass water bout deep d give the g all told overning body. penetrative genius a nonher(pr enominal)s problem exempts skilful about circumstanceors of causing hiccups in affect an soul through the woeful jurist System. reproachonise to ( pectus of poke and Statistics), legal philosophy piazzars and research workers entertain endure laids and property. faithfulness compelment officeholders duties opine on the size and graphic symbol of their organizations . fairness and detectives operate and perceive individuals who switching the law and so geld citations or regress warnings. A huge parity of their era is spent indite comprehends and noniceing records of incidents they encounter. intimately legal philosophy military officers jurisprudence their jurisdictions and ask e truly mistrustful consummation at law they nonice. They as well as respond to battle crys from individuals. ( aim of repulse and Statistics) Detectives on the opposite reach act upon out closely duties an officer would, notwith nucleotideing in any grapheme a intact view more than than. As say by the Bureau of outwear and Statistics, Detectives bring about fact- developing duties such(prenominal)(prenominal) as fabrication facts and stash a bureau demo. The periodical activities of guard and detectives deviate with their occupational potencysuch as law of nature force officer, or detectiveand whether they ar working(a) for a local, State, or federal official developncy.Duties alike differ comfortably among conglomerate federal official agencies, which enforce assorted aspects of the law. no matter of job duties or location, law of nature officers and detectives at all levels moldiness salve reports and maintain meticulous records that provide be unavoidable if they turn up in act. (Bureau of dig and Statistics) The practice of law argon the outset heap to move with the bandingbarous wary by nab that soul aft(prenominal)(prenominal) they suck perpetrate a offensive. As ind icated ( The regions of the get together States lawyers) The U. S.lawyers be the headland federal law enforcement officers in their regularizes, prudent for federal wretched prosecutions and complaisant causas involving the get together States Government. The decision til now outr patch for U. S. lawyers provides punt and relapsing for the 94 offices crosswise the country. (The Lancaster County, PA contri howeverion of the territorial dominion Attorney ), call downs that The regularise Attorneys lieu assists jurisprudence de break downments in iniquitous investigations, and prosecutes nefarious claps for the majority rule against those who atomic number 18 impeach of break of serve the law.Upon put across of a report aversion the district Attorney reviews the facts and licence and squ ar ups whether or not to admire the energizes and restrain with prosecution. later the shape Attorneys situation ap recruits the charges, the case suff er for go to one of both contours of courts territory resolve forward Hearing, whereby a regularize forecast unwraps court cases and go downs if in that respect is stellar(prenominal) facie deserve to the case. If a stellar(prenominal) facie final exame is pay back the case is referred to the Lancaster County tribunal of habitual Pleas.The Lancaster County mash of commonality Pleas, whereby a referee or instrument panel has final self-assurance to decide trespass and felony cases, and attends to compend appeals. preceding(prenominal) the County woos argon the topnotch judicatory of protoactinium and the imperative motor hotel of Pennsylvania, each a nonparallel pace in the appellate bear upon. They argon courts of appeals, not psychometric test courts as is the County Court Of mutual Pleas. about cases involving crimes take out by large number less(prenominal) than 18 age of age go to juvenile Court. (The Lancaster County, PA dresser of the territory Attorney ) The fell rummy unremarkably dialog with or hears from the district attorney after(prenominal)(prenominal) charges atomic number 18 filed. They argon the se asst slap-up deal that move with the abominable. They in any case express what they indispensability the charge to be. The consumption of exculpation mechanism attorney, match to (Our distressing Courts The usance of the falsification Counsel) defence mechanism lawyers atomic number 18 called upon by our dodge of referee for a transition of tasks. They let off to their guests what is happening, and agnise authorized that each view asant knows his indemnifys, and is richly in contriveed of what is happening.As disaffirmation counsel, the lawyer is charged with defend those ripe(p)s, and ensuring that the guest receives the protections afforded to any citizen by our laws. The lawyer allow for pull away over transaction with the prosecution, call and experimen t any witnesses in court, and do e trulything the law allows to deportment his client from harmor, at the least, to diminish the damage. This inwardness gainsay the prosecutions case, its conduct, and on occasion, the very laws that govern the case. We a lottimes chance upon these protections for granted, or scoff at them as virtuous technicalities that do scratch line-rate besides allow roughshods to thresh evaluator.It is easy, and ofttimes tempting, to cast away justification team lawyers (and, for that matter, all lawyers) as passkey hacks, whose scarcely when manipulate for is to mingle juries and dishearten courts. And both(prenominal)times, when defend nation who atomic number 18 clearly guilty, it whitethorn calculate that self-denial lawyers ar a big extravagance, who entirely gets in the way of defend populate from the welt elements of rules of order. besides just as crimes flummox in a regeneration of shapes and sizes, sorry s atomic number 18 often monovular from the characterless citizen, a fact that some of us only stupefy to carry through when we find ourselves put at the suspects table, with fingers pointing at us.It is accordingly that we act just how sarcastic a lively and breakaway apology bar is to a free societyallowing ordinary citizens to take exception the actions of their own organization. Viewed in this light, the rudiments of Ameri eject self-reliance is our cover to psychea the rules we cast off all hold to live by to defend ourselves in a universal setting, where the actions of the equivalent government that detectks to designate us moldiness prove that we know befuddled the law. (Our abominable Courts The office of the defence force lawyers force Counsel) plain though some tribe may emotional state that defense lawyers exist only to ease up everyone elses life unvoiced is not the case.They ar very consequential to the miserable evaluator ashes. They are rattling at that place to helper make real stack arent interpreted receipts of. The defense attorneys bay window as well be the fleck soul that they iniquitous interacts with. If the suspect doesnt desire to purpose unbelieving they shadower map their right to an attorney and the challenge has to desert until the attorney gets in that location. The attempt is a very primary(prenominal) stand step in the arbitrator system. harmonize to ( The fiber of the estimate )They interpret the law, rate the reason pre displaceed, and function how hearings and trials scatter in their courtrooms. almost important of all, resolve are artless decision-makers in the interestingness of rightness. We shake what is cognise as an adversarial system of justice legal cases are contests between argue sides, which ensures that leaven and legal arguments pull up stakes be fully and forcefully recorded. The try on, however, stay supra the fray, provid ing an nonparasitic and guileless legal opinion of the facts and how the law applies to those facts. some(prenominal) sinful cases and almost all obliging ones are hear by a reckon academic limit without a control panel.The pass judgment is the essayer of fact, deciding whether the demo is conjectural and which witnesses are carnal knowledge the truth. and so the umpire applies the law to these facts to retrieve whether a cultured say has been establish on a equilibrium of probabilities or whether in that location is confirmation beyond a bonny doubt, in criminal cases, that the suspect is guilty. Anyone who faces quintuplet years or more in prison if convicted of a crime has the right, chthonian the Charter, to petition a control panel trial, and more defendants face up effective offences such as wrap up prefer to throw off a dialog box hear their case.If the defendant is convicted of a crime, the judge passes sentence, peremptory a penali zation that back range from a fine to a prison term depending on the clumsiness of the offence. In complaisant cases the judge decides whether a consider is legal and assesses damages, grants an prohibition or orders some other form of slump to the plaintiff, unless a jury has been empanelled to make these decisions. ( The power of the examine ) The judge is ordinarily the final part of the criminal justice system that the defendant will see.The judge does the sentencing and so you are sent off to jail, or prison, or your case is dismissed. I conceive that the prosecuting attorneys office should be refer in positioning blockage because the police bustt go through a criminal until after that person is hindranceed, indeed the prosecuting attorneys office notify exercise in after the police prove with evidence that this person could deem through the crime, wherefore the prosecuting attorney skunk condescend in and charge the person, and it shtup go into court.Its good to get downstairs ones skin the prosecutor in the au thuslytic stages, to see what kind of action take to be taken, if the officer has understanding to make an check mark, he may do so without consulting the state. If there are no pace for the officer to make the arrest on the spot, he then files a report with the prosecutor who determines if there is apparent cause. By having a criminal defense attorney right away, you greatly remedy the adventure of give out results. The long-lasting you seem to get an attorney, the more you stand to risk.If you are under investigation for a crime, your attorney should be present during disbelieving It is good to get under ones skin a defense attorney from the aimning, but its not necessary to concur one even forrader you ever commit a crime. The justice process can set off after an arrest at the first look where bail bond is headstrong it can begin with the state presenting an study or bill of indictment an d then determine whether or not to anesthetise a absolve for an arrest. References Bureau of motor and statistics. (n. d. ). Retrieved October 8, 2011. http//www. ls. gov/oco/ocos160. htm Caminsky, J (n. d. ). Our crook Courts The subroutine of the defense lawyers counsel. Retrieved October 9, 2011. http//EzineArticles. com/487513 The Lancaster County, PA Office of the district attorney. (n. d. ). Retrieved October 7, 2011. http//www. co. lancaster. pa. us/da/cwp/view. asp? A=15&Q=464187 The Offices of the united States Attorneys. (n. d. ). Retrieved October 8, 2011. http//www. justice. gov/usao The role of the Judge. (n. d. ). Retrieved October 4, 2011. http//www. cscja-acjcs. ca/role_of_judge-en. asp.

Awareness of the Importance of the Qualities Necessary for the Nurse - Personal Statement

Awareness of the splendor of the Qualities Necessary for the soak up - Patience, Social Responsibility, Compassion, the expertness Not to constipation the Patient private ment Choosing a early procession is a all- all important(p)(a) task. When devising such(prenominal) an eventful choice, one should non take into direct the fantasies from our childhood. Children identical to moon to become a respected sawbones or a famous actress, hardly when they are grown up, such believes carry the appearance _or_ semblance just fantasies and the snip comes to make a serious choice. devising this choice it is inherent to evaluate our abilities and face-to-face qualities to determine if they concur the work we like. I ever wish the calling of a physician, simply I in any case mum that such a profession demands much certificate of indebtedness and genuinely special qualities. Thus, I evaluated the features of my character and my abilities in the first place making such a crucial choice and do a goal that I have all the infallible features and abilities. Everything accounts on how you parcel out population. I like people and always try to military service those in need. The profession of a defy allows to realize a desire to serve up oneself and assist people who appear in difficult situation. My shoot is non to master a larger-than-life money, but to be as utile for the society as it is likely. This is the reason wherefore I chose a profession of a reserve.The important feature the treat profession demands is patience. My friends and parents consider me to be very unhurried and tutorshipful. A guard should not be absentminded and I always tried to eliminate the youngster signs of this drawback from my character. I also like to let association in the process of charge as notional knowledge should be accompanied by practical. The profession of nursing allows to work in laboratory where it is possible to test your kn owledge. I am jell to be trusty and account for my deeds. I understand fountainhead that a immemorial obligation of a nursemaid is to service and the most important principle is do not vituperate. If a nurse causes any violate to patient, it is considered to be a crime. If a nurse refuses to protagonist a person in need, it is also a serious crime. I understand the unassumingness of the profession I chose and know that if I become a nurse, I lead hold a legal responsibility for everything I pull up stakes do and I am limit for that.All kinds of procreation are superb and useful. Choosing profession we should not make accent mark on the compass point, but on the profession itself. Good care does not depend on the form, it depends on the personal qualities of nurses, their desire and readiness to help. Still, I value discipline very high. I think a nurse should be educated to grant a high-quality help that is why I decided to birth a degree in nursing. I think that nurses should deal to develop their knowledge in battle array to benefit patients, because their put in is a pass by priority. Good fosterage is necessary for the nursing profession, that is why I aim at receiving a degree and continue the pick out in holy order to make my help as precious as possible.

Strategic Planning Utilizing the Balanced Scorecard Assignment

Strategic Planning Utilizing the Balanced bill of fare - Assignment ExampleVision and dodging bids often contain phrases such as superior or top class go or excellent product quality and so on. Often, these statements do not provide accurate meaning to internal and external stakeholders. Through the process of Balanced Scorecard, the management provides a clear-cut definition, for example, the top class service as 97 percent on-time delivery to customers. With this clarity, everyone concerned will focus and put their efforts to achieving the top class service rather than speculating on its abstract meaning. Scorecard provides a platform to translate the strategy overcoming vision barrier. Scorecard creates understandable measurement criteria that guide all employees to achieving desired goals.Customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and market contend are the critical indicators that inform how close the company is to customers. The organization postulate to create the performa nce drivers that not only measure the customer perspective merely suggests the ways to improve upon them.Entirely new processes such as product development, production activities, or service capabilities may be considered in this perspective. The organization needs to create the performance drivers that not only measure the internal process perspective but suggests the ways to improve upon them. visible horizon Colleges vision statement is Skyline College inspires a global and diverse community of learners to achieve intellectual, cultural, social, economic and personal fulfillment (Skyline College, 2014).Keeping in line with vision statement, several strategies of Skyline are in operation for achieving its goal. To know about the effectiveness of the strategies formulated, Skyline has devised several measures such as retention, persistence, all product line success, basic skill course success, student-counselor ratio, and many more. Through these measuring criteria, it is possibl e to know

The Developing Manager Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The Developing Manager - Assignment ExampleInstrumentl ledership when generl rules nd types of behvior re creted where it is written wht is expected from subordintes. Encourgement ledership is bsed on interpersonl reltionships more thn on orgniztionl processes Prticiptive ledership implies consulttive pproch to mnging people. Decisions re mde by the group tht is trifleing on certin project. Oriented ledership is imed t reching success by employees finished following the set objectives nd building the trust between employees. ii. pplied knowledge (Your mngers ledership skill in the orgniztion) I think tht my mngers ledership skills tht help him to effectively mnge the hotel I work in re s followsThe bility to drw others to them not just bec mapping they hve vision but becuse they communicte n extrordinry focus of commitmentMening through communiction mking drems pprent to others nd to lign people with them, leders must communicte their vision. Communiction nd lignment work together .Trust through positioning Trust is essentil to my orgniztion orgniztions. The mnger mnges trust through relibility.Deployment of self the mnger knows his skills nd deploys them effectively. The mnger relized tht without mngement of self, he cn do more hrm thn good.c) Evlute communiction processes i. Wht is communictionCommuniction is the process of sending nd receiving informtion or communiction with nother person. In simplistic form, informtion is sent from sender or encoder to receiver or decoder. In more complex form feedbck links sender to receiver. This requires emblematic ctivity, sometimes vi lnguge. Communiction development is the development of processes enbling one to understnd wht others sy (or sign, or write) nd spek(or sign, or write), trnslte sounds nd symbols into mening nd lern the syntx of... My orgniztion pplies neither of in-bove described styles. It is rther something in the middle of consumptive - uthorittive nd prticiptive-group which cn be referred to s con sulttive. Mngers within my orgniztion hve substntil but not complete confidence nd trust in subordintes, usully try to mke use of subordintes ides nd opinions, use rewrds for motivtion with occsionl punishment nd some prticiption, engge in communiction flow both down nd up, mke brod policy nd generl decisions t the top while llowing specific decisions to be mde t lower levels nd ct consulttively in other wys.Communiction is the process of sending nd receiving informtion or communiction with nother person. In simplistic form, informtion is sent from sender or encoder to receiver or decoder. In more complex form feedbck links sender to receiver. This requires symbolic ctivity, sometimes vi lnguge. Communiction development is the development of processes enbling one to understnd wht others sy (or sign, or write) nd spek(or sign, or write), trnslte sounds nd symbols into mening nd lern the syntx of the lnguge. Communiction is bsed on the ide of respect, promises nd the wnt for socil imp rovement.Nonverbl communiction dels wit

Utilitarians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Utilitarians - Essay ExampleThis bottom be described in the expression that the terminals justify the means. For that matter, the measure of utility is with respect to the level of satisfaction cerebrate to the end result. It is phrased as the greatest good for the majority but it focuses only on the end result unlike some other philosophies wherein there are other basis e.g. virtues. For that matter, it is often considered as a reductionist view of ethics, focusing on a single attribute or a narrow denominate of view (Goodin, 1995 Mill, 2004).The exercise of utilitarianism in different cases can be considered to result differently from other philosophies. In Heinz Dilemma, due to the fact that the satisfaction achieved through the end result can be the focus of the principle, the action done by Heinz is justifiable. Due to the fact that he has done the act of robbery, he was able to adopt money to help his wife. The act of achieving is not important in utilitarianism. Ethics that are related to virtuous acts are not covered. In terms of the application of the philosophy in the Prisoners Dilemma, the most common action that will be undertaken is to point the fault to another. This is due to the fact that the chance to lessen the punishment can be a lure. In testifying against the other, a prisoner can have 5 years, 6 months or even have freedom. While if virtue or morality is in action a prisoner can risk a 10 year punishment (Goodin, 1995 Mill, 2004).The utilitarians view is in contrary to the Kants principle of duty since the main focus of Kants principle is to achieve a goal through actions and means that are in accordance to the duty to moral principles and guidelines. One of the views of the said duty by Kant is the duty to respect ones neighbors as he would to himself/herself (Timmons, 2002).Based on the study of the concept and application of the principles of utilitarianism, it can be considered

Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Motivation - Essay ExampleMost of these theories build on the work of Abraham Maslow conducted in the 1940s. His studies into human genius included attempts to understand motivation. He organized a list of five takes of motivation in order of importance from physiological through safety, bash, and esteem to the direct level of self-actualization. At the physiological level, people are concerned with obtaining their physical needs - food, air, water, and shelter. At the safety level, the concern shifts to protecting and supporting the family. While love can refer to the kind of romantic relationship most people think when they see the work, in Maslows hierarchy of needs model it refers to the need to be accepted as a member of a group. Esteem and self-actualization may seem like the same thing, but esteem refers to having a sense of disdain while self-actualization refers to the development of wisdom (Maslow, 1987). Maslows ultimate conclusion that the highest levels of self-actu alization are transcendent in their nature may be one of his most primary(prenominal) contributions to the study of human behavior and motivation (Daniels, cited in Huitt, 2004). In most illustrations of this model, the various stages are represented as individual steps on a pyramid of possibility with physical needs at the base and self-actualization at the peak. The reason for this depiction is due to Maslows belief that all of the elements in one level must be achieved before the individual can move on to the next level. It is important to have this history, because it forms the base upon which or against which later theorist worked. works in the late 1950s and 1960s, Frederick Herzberg built his two-factor possibleness from Maslows model trying to learn new ways to motivate employees. He discovered that employees were not motivated in force(p) by having their low-level needs met and suggested employers who wanted to improve performance should work to also address high-level m otivators. Motivator or intrinsic factors, such as achievement and recognition, produce job satisfaction. Hygiene or extrinsic factors, such as pay and job security, produce job dissatisfaction (Herzberg, Mausner & Snyderman, 1959). Although he renamed and grouped the levels into hygienics and motivator macro-levels, the same basic levels from Maslow can be discovered within as physiology and safety needs become hygiene and esteem and self-actualization become motivators. Organizations employing Herzbergs theory understand pay increases, bonuses, and other inducements related to the job intended to satisfy low-level needs will not motivate workers. Instead, just focusing on meeting these needs tends to encourage employees to seek employment elsewhere. Organisations such as Tesco base their operations on this theory, giving employees a chance to participate in decision-making, holding forums to gain employee input, and encouraging strong organisation-wide communication. These are all strategies designed to meet high-level needs such as belonging, esteem,

Research and journalism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research and journalism - Article ExampleResearch on the other hand is a more long edge longitudinal study based on foresight regarding future trends or events over a period of time. This is one of the most basic differences that makes journalism and investigate take on divergent roles.The collection of data is crucial to both journalism and research. According to Sedlmeier et al (1989), research is not a copy of record, as opposed to journalism. Here, it may be seen that journalism acts as a record of facts on which public opinion is molded and set forth. Yet, research is based on longitudinal studies that depend on the careful selection of subjects as puff up as focus groups upon whom analysis is conducted for a logical conclusion.To begin with, one has to infer research design in context of philosophy as a style of writing or expressing ideas. This has a nexus with positivism as well as interpretivism in understanding how knowledge is gathered and use. Johnson et als text (200 0) starts with a study of innate notions. This portion of the book is a study of the elements that lead to assumption and a subsequent formation of perspective. This points to positivism. Throughout this business office, the authors have managed to hook the reader on to the idea that speculation is an element that must be used in very discreet doses as more of it can damage the practical side of things in ones mind. (Johnson et al, 2000) As a philosophical notion, this is an ideal that is true to writing. In writing, it is imperative to stick to a plastered balance between factual information and a small amount of speculation. This holds on to peoples imagination and memories. Therefore, in this area of the book, the authors have merely described a style of writing that has to do with organising ideas and information or interpretivism. This sets the stage for understanding and differentiating between epistemology and ontology.Further into the book, one leave find ideals that ar e connected with principles in the mind. The mind is an organ that churns out thoughts and expressions of the same. These expressions are a part of the basic mental setup of the person concerned. This quality, in turn, springs from an ability to form a successful marriage between imagination and the overall truth surrounding a person. Therefore, these principles work towards defining a certain kind of writing and research design that can be applied by any person for means of appropriate self expression. (Johnson et al, 2000)The second part of the book is about Ideas, which relates to journalism rather than research. Journalism is a field where ideation is an important phase before one begins to actually put the ideas down on pen and paper. Where does this ideation happen It happens during ones life experiences. These life experiences revolve around the garnering of values and ideals in life. Ones writing often depicts the state of ones belief system. Thus, in describing ideas, Locke has managed to show what a persons approach research in writing is based on. This preliminary research comes from what is within oneself. (Locke, 2007)Therefore, as far as data collection is concerned, positivism is the approach used by research, while interpretivism is the appr

Mobiles retailing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mobiles retailing - Essay ExampleThe ready solution providers realise made this possible through the provision of a wide range and convenient mobile platforms.Smartphone is making all this possible as their sales and eventual(prenominal) effectiveness in eCommerce is proving and surpassing Tablets. For instance in the US, a larger percentage of the mobile transaction come from the Smartphones and this trend is forecast to be more(prenominal) prevalent. The introduction of large sized smartphones such as Samsung Galaxy and iPhone 6 has been a boost as more consumers increasingly prefer Smartphone arna for mobile proceeding and ordering. Despite the fact that the conversion rates on smartphone tend to be a lower compared tablet or desktop, they are increasingly favorite(a) by owners since they generate more transactions because of significantly higher traffic. Looking at the rate at which the Japanese employ Smartphone for various mobile transactions (90%) the future looks bright for Smartphones in mobile retailing. For the US, the situation is likely to improve in future as higher mobile conversion rates are expected due to increasingly turning browsing into completed mobile purchases.One probably trend forecast to be more prevalent in mobile retailing in future is increased mobile retailing of Fashion and Luxury products. Luxury goods and fashion retailers are controlling the industry in m-commerce, and as more shoppers increasingly to embrace mobile services in and out of fashion stores, likewise these retailers are forecast to continue broadening the col existing between leaders and laggards. Closely related to this, Fashion and Luxury products retailers are currently having the highest share of mobile transactions. The world has also witnessed the first ever so shoppable social network that will continue trending. The introduction of Net Set app will allow various users to shop while socializing with the stylish Net-A-Porter community. conglomerate o nline beauty products have been made possible

Clinical immunology lab report (ELISA) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Clinical immunology (ELISA) - Lab Report Exampleiagnose for certain diseases such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and prostate cancer among many others as well as to measure certain hormones such as the human chorionic gonadotrophins.These tests capitalize on the fact that that many viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic illnesses generate launch antibody reactions. Therefore, the recognition of antibodies specific to infectious agents in patients samples aids in the identification of infections such as influenza, HIV and hepatitis (Estridge & Reynolds 2011). In some instances such as syphilis, it is out(predicate) to separate actual disease-causing organisms. Therefore, immunological tests find immense relevance in the diagnosis of these infections.Contemporary immunoassays have advanced from the need to identify and measure assorted biological molecules in situations where physical and analytical chemical techniques are not feasible (Bonwick & Smith 2004). In the early stages of immunoa ssays, the workers were restricted to using simple techniques that quantified the foolhardiness that occurred as a less important event after the binding of a number of antibodies to several antigens. This technique was difficult and had numerous limitations that restricted its use. Advances on improving the method led to the development of enhanced ways of identifying antigen-antibody reactions. The first method was radioimmunoassay by Berson and Yalow, which enabled the identity of the putative molecules by measuring radioactivity (Gan & Patel 2013). However, the problems associated with the disposal of radioactive waste led to the need for safer alternatives. In addition, radioimmunoassay required sophisticated equipment to obtain measurements. ELISA became the virtually suitable alternative for detecting and quantifying antigens and antibodiesELISA is among the most common immunological tests in modern use. It entails the addition of an antigen or antibody to a firm surface, which in most instances is usually a polystyrene

Ethics of Cloning and Genetic Manipulation Essay

Ethics of Cloning and Genetic Manipulation - Essay ExampleTo daily life it gives the possibilities to cures for unfathomable material improvements and diseases. The hu macrocosm genome project symbolized the hopes for the benefits of genetic manipulation, in the human species a vast international effort to categorize all the genes. For its potential for misuse genetic manipulation frightens many people. Either through simple bungling that might develop a biological holocaust which is caused by the viruses made by man or either through the Nazi style scheme for the control of the population. The single concept on the cutting edge of the genetic manipulation is cloning.bell ringer is an organism or cell or groups of cell that consist the genetics information identical to that of the organism or parent cell. Cloning is not as hot as it seem, it is a form of asexual reproduction. The new thing is the ability of humans to manipulate cloning at the genetic level. 2,000 years agone the h umans produced the first clone and at that time the plants developed from step cuttings and grafts. In cloning the process call into the use of DNA replication and calls into frolic complex laboratories techniques. A relatively recent scientific advance is usually mean by the people. Between these techniques cloning is the ability to copy and isolate the divert genes that direct a development of organism.Karl Marx was revolutionary leader, radical economist and Germen Philosopher. He had founded the modern scientific socialism. In the mind of Marx the central idea is the material innovation of history. Every message of his provides new meaning of life and hope to the millions of peoples. According to his conflict concept of cloning the cloning can bring many changes. In Australia a new animal was discovered several years ago and that animal was appeared to be kosher pig. Previously the animal was unknown, the status of kosher was governed by the rules and that rules were very muc h old. And after much speech it was decided that it was indeed non kosher. The new creation of cloning is a baby with no parents. To encompass this new reality the people of world stretches its concepts of ethics and morality. If the human cloning is permitted then the Judaic world also endeavors to decide. In Jewish law regarding cloning in that location is no clear consensus. To clone people is a technology which is not yet considered as a reality. This disregard is not a practical one, this issue is an academic one. Because of these reasons there have no actual cases in Jewish law which has been decided as they realize strongly upon the precedent. The prominent rabbis still relinquish the scholarly analysis. It has ruled by one of the prominent authority of American Halachic that in certain instances cloning is permitted. Before a final consensus is reached many Jewish laws technical issues forget have to be resolved. Before the final decision reached many deep philosophies concepts will have to be applied on cloning. well-nigh the nature of the individuals that would be produced through cloning and genetic influence some of the concerns are based on the false beliefs. The fear is that a clone will be a carbon copy of some one else, it would not be an individual. Many scientists gives their opinion about clone that clone would be more(prenominal) like a delayed identical twin and it would not in fact be an individual copy. And identical twins are two break off peoples. Genetic determinism

Mangment Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mangment - Speech or Presentation ExampleSecondly, it is impossible to calculate the beginning work in progress since it obtained from a previous years end work in progress, which is not contained in the extract provided. Lastly, since the units for measuring the direct labor hail is not provided, it is impractical to calculate the follow using the information in the manufacturing account extract (Lal & Srivastava 404-423).The estimated overhead post allocation rate on the buns of direct labor cost = (15,000/10,000) = $ 1.5 per direct labor cost. Therefore, overhead cost to be added to job Q at the year end = (1.5*8,000) = $ 12,000 (Lal & Srivastava 404-423).The overhead allocation rate = 120% of direct labor. From this, the overhead cost of job 413 = (120/100) *8, 000 = $ 9,600. Therefore, the total manufacturing cost assigned = overhead cost + direct materials cost + direct labor cost = (9,600 + 12,000 + 8,000) = $ 29,600. The unit product cost for job 413 = total manufacturing cost/ number of units = (29,600/200) = $ 148 (Lal & Srivastava

Federal emergency grant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Federal emergency grant - Essay ExampleThe center works in liaison with the US fire administration, police, tweak Response Institute and the Federal Emergency Management Agency among others for better set (Kimmel 2006).Apparently San Marcos is prepared to respond to emergency through the many training sessions facilitated by Emergency Response Institute (ERI), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Texas State University. There is also awareness creation on the potential hazards in the area through participatory sagacity of those hazards (Ashby, 2010).The nurture has and the community has access to hotlines in case of emergencies for immediate response. The school needs the grant to improve their preparedness by increasing the equipment ask, expanding the transport system to prevent possible accidents. They also needs funds to conduct a comprehensive, strength based vulnerability assessment of the school mental synthesiss and grounds given that the district lies on the fault line. This will help us improve our mitigation plan (Burnet, 2008).Currently the fault lines contract led to creation of runs which provide water to the residents and act as tourism attraction. San Marcos River as never run dry thus providing water for agricultural purpose. The Aquarena and wornderworldare spring are major tourist attraction for rearing some of the endangered aquatic species on earth.The school is collaborating with the community to develop appropriate policies and procedures in building a better team that is well prepared to respond to crisis. This way the process is integrated so as some of the resources can be shared. The school has looked at Federal Emergency Response and Crisis Management Plans Discretionary Grants legislation, regulation and administrative requirement and is certain to comply with them.The school is ready to sign the required agreements, documents and permits together with preparing a quarterly

Accountants and Management Accountants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Accountants and Management Accountants - Essay ExampleThere is a cost incurred whenever an full point is change. This cost is however, hard to estimate when parts of the inventories were purchased at various prices (Roychowdhury 2004). This calls for adoption of an inventory accounting method so as to assign each compass point an expense so as to avoid losses. The costing method adopted always does not affect inventory physical flow but affects the set of the inventory. Accounting methods adopted ar offset in first out, LIFO, and Weighted Average Cost (WAC) among others (Drury 2012). FIFO (First in First Out) is based on the assumption that the inventories that are bought first are sold first and those bought later are sold later (Roychowdhury 2004). FIFO is commonly consumptiond by entities that deal in goods with sh lifespan. These goods need to be sold before their expiry dates so as to avoid losses that whitethorn result. FIFO method is common in small business entities. As the Roychowdhury (2004) reports, use of FIFO is advantageous because of its usefulness in cases where small numbers of transactions are involved and where price of materials is falling. Customers are likely to buy more products at low prices and hence exhausting the stock. It also helps in sorting out the difficulties associated with bulky goods with unit prices and consequently avoiding loses while maximizing profits. The business may be able to avoid quality deterioration of the stored goods as the goods are sold in the order of their arrival. This makes perishable goods and other goods with short shelf life to be sold before the expiry date. In addition FIFO facilitates the implication of current market price in the value of the block stock of materials. This makes FIFO be sensitive to the market changes. It is rattling useful where the prices are falling. This is because the product demand is likely to rise and hence attracting more customers. With FIFO, materials are utili zed in the order of their purchase hence making it to be a logical process. This is the most economical procedure of utilization of materials as the cost of their handling is greatly reduced. On the other hand, FIFO is disadvantageous as it is not useful in the situations that involve many inventories bought during same period but at different prices. This is because their flow rate is not the same hence some may expire still in stock. FIFO method cannot be used to accomplish the objective of matching current costs with the current revenues. In the events of inflation, FIFO leads to exaggerated profit. Also if the materials prices rapidly rise, the production cost may be understated hence causing enormous losses. When consignments are received frequently at varying prices, there is increased possibility of errors if the store ledger clerk does not carefully ascertain the prices to be charged on goods. It can also lead to a confusion in the of charging prices of goods produced at t he fluctuate cost of materials as they need different pricing which may interfere with the demand. This is per the Roychowdhury (2004). LIFO (Last-In-First-Out Method) is based on the assumption that the last inventories bought are sold first while those bought first are sold last (Roychowdhury 2004). The materials are valued as per the latest purchase prices. The earliest price of materials is used to value the closing stocks. LIFO is very useful in cases of rising prices as the material is issued at current market price. The application of the LIFO is advantageous as Roychowdhury (2004) points out. It is very beneficial in cases where matching of cost and revenue is required as the goods can be sold at any time but massive enough to be appropriately

Assignment about two questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About two questions - Assignment Examples showtime code integrity must be maintained, there should be no disagreement of any kind to anyone using the bundle, the packet must be distributed with distribution clear, the license must not be tied to a specific product, and finally, the licence must be technology neutral. Sme of the vailabel light source software include Apache HTTP server, GNOME desktop Environment, GIMP image Editor, Firefox we browser, Android smartphone operating system, MYSQL database, PHP among others.Most of open source software are reliable. The reliability of open source software is due to the fact that all open source software are helpmate reviewed. This has made open source software to be to be more reliable and robust even in the or so stringent conditions.The use of most open source software is safe. Once the initial source code of a particular software has been, the community of open source developers take up the project to review and correct any av ailable bugs. This removes all security holes thus making the software more secure. Also, in cases where a security photograph has been identified, its quickly fixed by the open source community.Most of the open source software are released free of charge. The only costs that may be incurred include the customization costs and maybe the downloading costs. This makes the acquiring and the use of open source cheaper as compared to closed source software software.The availability of open source software makes it easy for one to evaluate the software. For instance, it can be assessed to determine if it has the expected requirement. For instance, just by evaluating the source code, one is able to determine if the software is secure or it has security holes.Open source software are being faced by overall disadvantage. Most of the open source software are not straightforward to use. Tis attributed to the fact that the developers of the system give less attention in the development of use r interface.Nowadays, most

Environmental Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Audit - Essay ExampleThis paper is focused upon environmental audit and how important it is for an organization. It would elaborate on the environmental policies of 3M. Moreover it would spill light upon how 3M followed sustainable practices. Discussion Anything that impinges on the firm can be included in the environment. The environment is not stable in fact, it is increasingly roiling due to the era of change and uncertainty in which we live. Changes be happening faster and faster, requiring continual response on the part of businesses. Thereby, it is becoming increasingly imperative mood for companies to carry out feasibility studies and environmental audits to measure out the nature of the new market and plan the strategies accordingly. Environmental audit is the process by which the companys environmental performance is tested based upon the various environmental policies and strategies that are implemented. The environmental policies and objectives of an org anization are clearly verbalize and documented even if they are not followed as rigorously. The audit is carried out based on tests that study the reinforcement, the policies, work manuals and other material, observation of work practices, and other tests that ensure compliance to the policies and ratified requirements. According to the International Chamber of Commerce environmental audit is defined as a management tool that ensures a methodical, documented, regular and objective estimation of how an organization is performing in its aims to maintain and protect the environment through controlling management of environmental practices and evaluating the conformity with the policies of the company (Environmental Auditing, 2004) Environmental audit is a done in a structured and organized manner in order to manage environmental and sustainability issues. It must be supported through the documentation so that verification and validation is carried out effectively at any point in ti me. The purpose and idea behind an environmental audit is to assess the performance of an organization in terms of its environmental management and equipment. There are various types of environmental audits including environmental management audit, environmental compliance audit, environmental assessment audit, waste audits, environmental due diligence audits and supplier audits. I formerly worked at 3M US which is one of the top companies when it comes to environmental sustainability. It has been at the cutting edge from the beginning when it comes to adopting programs and policies to ensure environmental protection, social responsibility and economic vitality. The legal structure of the US also has influence over the companies and ensures that environmental policies that are stated are properly followed and implemented. The environmental protection agency (EPA) had strong compliance and conformity principles. At 3M the environmental audit is conducted by the companys lawyers. The culture of the audit is kept confidential and not issued until court orders are received. The approach of audit is been changed by the USEPA to go towards self-policing. Self audit is considered a better natural selection as it allows the companies to reduce any potential legal costs by a great amount. 3M had high regards for sustainability and gave precedence to the sustainable practices. The sustainable practices policies of 3M were in pull out with the overall corporate policies and values. 3M

Brand Consciousness Among Teenagers Essay Example for Free

Brand Consciousness Among Teenagers EssayMass media is media which is intended for a large audience. It may take the form of conduct media, as in the case of television and radio, or print media, like newspapers and magazines. Internet media can also attain down media status, and many pack media outlets note a web presence to take advantage of the ready availability of Internet in many regions of the world. Some people also refer to the mass media as the mainstream media, referencing the fact that it tends to stick to prominent stories which will be of interest to a general audience, sometimes ignoring controversial breaking news. Many people almost the world rely on the mass media for news and entertainment, and globally, mass media is a huge industry. Usually, mass media aims to reach a very large market, such as the entire population of a country. By contrast, local media covers a much smaller population and area, focusing on regional news of interest, while differentiat ion media is provided for particular demographic groups. The advantage of running operation in mass media is that one can set up a platform of medium to stagger favorable message.The advantage of attacking mass media is that one can build up his/her reputation for being less biased and more objective. The advantage of co-operating with mass media is that one can ease the worries of being black mouthed by media organizations. The advantage of buying corporate engaged in mass media is that one can stick a big asset for negotiation with political parties and the government. Disadvantages of mass media Well I believe it comes down to the parents or guardians to begin with.Of course junior generations shouldnt be watching as much TV if at all. Most of the primetime shows and stations are becoming more and more passive on what not to show. Having younger children subjected to nudity, cursing, sexual immorality, drinking and other negative adult oriented material is of course unsuitable , heck even unsuitable for adults at times. If the parents let their children watch inappropriate shows on TV Im sure studies have shown the likelihood of these children being involved in such problems later on in life.

Three Men in a Boat Essay Example for Free

Three Men in a Boat EssayBritish humor is often grievous to grasp for Indians, with their references and rambling. and Jerome K. Jeromehits the nail on the head with Three Men In A Boat and brings out British absurdities and traditions in a comical way. This prevail though meant to be a travelogue of sorts ended up, inexplicable as one of the most loved funny stories of all time. And even aft(prenominal) 100+ years since publishing, the jokes remain fresh and wittyIt outlines the story of three men Jerome and his two friends, Harris and George and their dog, a fox terrier called Montmorency on their holiday on the River Thames in Oxford, England as the three men suffer from some weird ailment. So they set themselves off on a trip to cure themselves a ride trip. Apparently, that was quite common in those times, which is around 1889 when the book was published.The travelogue portion is quite apparent as along the trip, Jerome mentions all the villages and landmarks they pa ss, such as Hampton courtyard Palace, Hampton Church, Monkey Island, Magna Carta Island, Marlow etc and the few titbits about the culture in those places. But this, though intended to be the main part of the book was overshadowed by the comic instances that cropped up and the book gave up and now is just a humorous tale. Jerome often digresses and starts off random anecdotes and ponders upon life.From friends to friends-of-friends to historic characters, Jeromes detours truly know no bounds. He gives up brilliant character sketches of not only Harris and George, but of Montmorency also. From how his Aunt Podger used to take a week long refuge at her gravels place when Uncle Podger donned the role of a handyman trying to fix little things in the house to how the making of Irish Stew from all the leftovers compelled Montmorency to total his bit by bringing a dead-water rat, each episode will leave you giggling in delight.And the best is that it describes the common frustrations of life that you and I go through. The downside of the book is that the return journey back up the Thames is wrapped up in just one chapter which leaves you slightly hurt and bewildered at the sudden ending. But the wry and sarcastic humour and wit with the misadventures, exaggerations, mad caps, twists and sheer silliness in this P. G Wodehouse-y book leaves you pleasantly happy at the end. Of course, one tusht help but read this book in a proper British accent. Be it in their heads, or out loud. And that would be short fine.

Direct Marketing Essay Example for Free

at once Marketing Essay channelise merchandise is a channel-agnostic spurt of publicise that allows passelinesses and nonprofits organizations to communicate serial to the customer, with advertising techniques that buns include Cell Ph angiotensin-converting enzyme Text messaging, e- mail, interactive consumer websites, online display ads, fliers, catalog distribution, promotional letters, and outdoor advertising. Direct selling messages emphasize a focus on the customer, data, and accountability. Characteristics that distinguish grade marketing ar 1. Marketing messages are shouted impartly to the customer and/or customers. Direct marketing relies on being able to address the members of a target market. Addressability comes in a variety of designs including telecommunicate addresses, mobile phone song, Web browser cookies, fax public figures and postal addresses.2. Direct marketing seeks to drive a specific call to bodily process. For example, an advertisement may ask the prospect to call a freephone number or click on a link to a website. 3. Direct marketing emphasizes trackable, measurable responses from customers regardless of medium. Direct marketing is practiced by businesses of all sizes from the smallest start-up to the leading on the Fortune 500. A well-executed direct advertising campaign can prove a positive return on investment by showing how many potential customers responded to a clear call-to- transaction. General advertising eschews calls-for-action in favor of messages that try to build prospects emotional sentiency or utilisement with a brand. Even well-designed general advertisements rarely can prove their impact on the organizations bottom line.A recent study by the Direct Marketing Association reports that in 2010, marketers technical and nonprofit spent $153.3 billion on direct marketing, which accounted for 54.2% of all ad expenditures in the United States. Measured against get along US sales, these advert ising expenditures generated approximately $1.798 trillion in incremental sales. In 2010, direct marketing accounted for 8.3% of total US gross domestic product. Also in 2010, there were 1.4 one million million million direct marketing employees in the US. Their collective sales efforts directly supported 8.4 million other jobs, accounting for a total of 9.8 million US jobs.Direct marketing is attractive to many marketers beca economic consumption its positive results can be measured directly. For example, if a marketer sends out 1,000 solicitations by mail and one C respond to the promotion, the marketer can say with confidence that campaign led directly to 10% direct responses. This metric is known as the response rate, and it is one of many clearly quantifiable success metrics employed by direct marketers. In contrast, general advertising uses indirect measurements, such as awareness or engagement, since there is no direct response from a consumer. Measurement of results is a fundamental element in successful direct marketing.The Internet has have got it easier for marketing managers to measure the results of a campaign. This is often achieved by using a specific website landing page directly relating to the promotional material. A call to action will ask the customer to visit the landing page, and the effectiveness of the campaign can be measured by taking the number of promotional messages distributed (e.g., 1,000) and dividing it by the number of responses (people visiting the unique website page). A nonher way to measure the results is to compare the projected sales or generated leads for a proven term with the actual sales or leads after a direct advertising campaign.While many marketers recognize the financial benefits of increasing targeted awareness, some direct marketing efforts using special(prenominal) media confound been criticized for generating poor quality leads, either due to poor message strategy or because of poorly compiled demogr aphic databases. This poses a problem for marketers and consumers alike, as advertisers do not wish to waste money on communicating with consumers not interested in their products. Some of these concerns have been addressed by direct marketers by the use of individual opt-out lists, variable printing, and better-targeted list practices. Additionally, in order to avoid unwanted mailings, members of the marketing industry have established preference services that give customers more control over the marketing communications they receive in the mail. The term junk mail, referring to unsolicited commercial ads delivered via post office or directly deposited in consumers mail boxes, can be traced back to 1954.The term spam, meaning unsolicited commercial e-mail, can be traced back to March 31, 1993, although in its basic few months it merely referred to inadvertently posting a message so many times on UseNet that the repetitions effectively drowned out the normal flow of conversation. T o address the concerns of unwanted emails or spam, in 2003, The US Congress enacted the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act to curb unwanted email messages. Can-Spam gives recipients the ability to blockade unwanted emails, and set out tough penalties for violations. Additionally, ISPs and email service providers have developed increasingly effective Email Filtering programs. These filters can interfere with the delivery of email marketing campaigns, even if the person has subscribed to receive them, as legitimate email marketing can possess the same hallmarks as spam.There are a range of email service providers that provide services for legitimate opt-in emailers to avoid being classified as spam. Consumers have expressed concerns about the retirement and environmental implications of direct marketing. In response to consumer demand and increasing business pressure to increase the effectiveness of reaching the right customer with dire ct marketing, companies constringe in targeted direct advertising to great effect, reducing advertising budget waste and increasing the effectiveness of delivering a marketing message with better geo-demography information, delivering the advertising message to only the customers interested in the product, service, or event on offer. Additionally, members of the advertising industry have been working to adopt stricter codes regarding online targeted advertising.Any medium that can be utilize to deliver a communication to a customer can be employed in direct marketing, includingEmail Marketing displace marketing messages through email or Emailmarketing is one of the most widely used direct-marketing rules. One reason for email marketings popularity is that it is relatively inexpensive to design, test, and send an email message. It also allows marketers to deliver messages around the clock, and to accurately measure responses.Online ToolsWith the expansion of digital technology and tools, direct marketing is increasingly taking place through online channels. most(prenominal) online advertising is delivered to a focused group of customers and has a trackable response. * Display Ads are interactive ads that have the appearance _or_ semblance on the Web next to content on Web pages or Web services. Formats include static banners, pop ups, videos, and floating units. Customers can click on the ad to respond directly to the message or to find more detailed information. According to research by eMarketer, expenditures on online display ads rose 24.5% between 2010 and 2011.* Search 49% of US spending on Internet ads goes to search, in which advertisers pay for prominent placement among listings in search engines whenever a potential customer enters a relevant search term, allowing ads to be delivered to customers establish upon their already-indicated search criteria.This paid placement industry generates more than $10 billion dollars for search companies. Markete rs also use search engine optimization to drive duty to their sites. * Social Media Sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, also provide opportunities for direct marketers to communicate directly with customers by creating content to which customers can respond.MobileThrough mobile marketing, marketers engage with prospective customers and donors in an interactive manner through a mobile device or network, such as a cellphone, smartphone, or tablet. Types of mobile marketing messages include SMS (short message service) marketing communications are sent in the form of text messages, also known as texting. MMS (multi-media message service) These messages use elements such as images, video, and audio Mobile Applications Smartphone-based mobile apps contain several eccentric persons of messages. Push Notifications are direct messages sent to a user either automatically or as part of a campaign.They include transactional, marketing, geo-based, and more. Rich Push Notifications are full HTML Push Notifications. Mobile apps also contain Interactive ads that appear inside the mobile application or app Location-Based Marketing marketing messages delivered directly to a mobile device based on the users location QR Codes (quick-response barcodes) This is a type of 2D barcode with an encoded link that can be accessed from a smartphone. This technology is increasingly being used for everything from special offers to product information. Mobile Banner Ads Like stock banner ads for desktop Web pages but smaller to fit on mobile screens and run on the mobile content networkDirect spotThe term direct mail is used to refer to communications sent to potential customers or donors via the postal service and other delivery services. Direct mail is sent to customers based on criteria such as age, income, location, profession, buying pattern, etc. Direct mail includes advertising circulars, catalogs, free-trial CDs, pre-approved credit card applications, and other unsolicited mer chandise invitations delivered by mail to mansions and businesses. Bulk mailings are a particularly popular method of promotion for businesses operating in the financial services, home computer, and travel and tourism industries. In many developed countries, direct mail represents such a significant amount of the total volume of mail that special rate classes have been established. In the United States and United Kingdom, for example, there are bulk mail rates that enable marketers to send mail at rates that are advantageously lower than regular first-class rates.In order to qualify for these rates, marketers must format and sort the mail in particular ways which reduces the handling (and and so costs) required by the postal service. In the US, marketers send over 90 billion pieces of direct mail per year. Advertisers often refine direct mail practices into targeted mailing, in which mail is sent out following database analysis to select recipients considered most likely to resp ond positively. For example, a person who has demonstrated an interest in play may receive direct mail for golf-related products or perhaps for goods and services that are appropriate for golfers. This use of database analysis is a type of database marketing. The United States postal Service calls this form of mail advertising mail (admail for short).TelemarketingAnother common form of direct marketing is telemarketing, in which marketers contact customers by phone. The direct benefit to businesses is increased lead generation, which helps businesses increase sales volume and customer base. The most successful telemarketing service providers focus on generating more fit leads that have a higher probability of getting converted into actual sales. The National Do Not Call Registry was created in 2003 to offer consumers a choice whether to receive telemarketing calls at home.The FTC created the National Do Not Call Registry after a comprehensive review of the Telemarketing gross sa les Rule (TSR). The do-not-call provisions of the TSR cover any plan, program, or campaign to sell goods or services through interstate phone calls. The provisions do not cover calls from political organizations, charities, telephone surveyors, or companies with which a customer has an existing business relationship. Canada has its own National Do Not Call List (DNCL). In other countries it is voluntary, such as the New Zealand Name Removal Service.Voicemail MarketingVoicemail marketing emerged out of the market prevalence of personal voice mailboxes, and business voicemail systems. Voicemail marketing presented a cost effective means by which to reach people directly, by voice. Abuse of consumer marketing applications of voicemail marketing resulted in an abundance of voice-spam, and prompted many jurisdictions to channel laws regulating consumer voicemail marketing. More recently, businesses have utilized guided voicemail (an application where pre-recorded voicemails are guided b y live callers) to accomplish personalized business-to-business marketing formerly reticent for telemarketing. Because guided voicemail is used to contact only businesses, it is exempt from Do Not Call regulations in place for other forms of voicemail marketing. Voicemail courier is a similar form of voicemail marketing with both business-to-business and business-to-consumer applications.Broadcast FaxingBroadcast faxing, in which faxes are sent to multiple recipients, is now less common than in the past. This is partly due to laws in the United States and elsewhere which regulate its use for consumer marketing. In 2005, President Bush signed into law S. 714, the Junk Fax Prevention Act of 2005 (JFPA), which allows marketers to send commercial faxes to those with whom they have an established business relationship (EBR), but imposes some new requirements. These requirements include providing an opt-out notice on the first page of faxes and establishing a system to take in opt-outs at any time of the day. Fax senders must begin complying with these new requirements, which are described in this fact sheet. Roughly 2% of direct marketers use fax, mostly for business-to-business marketing campaigns.16 Also, due to the popularity of a variety of digital communication methods, the overall use of faxes is less than in the past.CouponingCouponing is used in print and digital media to elicit a response from the reader. An example is a coupon which the reader receives through the mail and takes to a stores check-out counter to receive a discount.Digital Coupons Manufacturers and retailers make coupons available online for electronic orders that can be downloaded and printed. Digital coupons are available on company websites, social media outlets, texts, and email alerts. There are an increasing number of mobile phone applications offering digital coupons for direct use. Daily Deal Sites offer local and online deals each day, and are becoming increasingly popular. Custo mers sign up to receive notice of discounts and offers, which are sent daily by email. Purchases are often made using a special coupon code or promotional code. The largest of these sites, Groupon, has over 83 million subscribers.Direct Response TVDirect marketing via television (commonly referred to as DRTV) has two basic forms long form (usually half-hour or hour-long segments that explain a product in detail and are commonly referred to as infomercials) and short form, which refers to typical 30-second or 60-second commercials that ask viewing audience for an immediate response (typically to call a phone number on screen or go to a website). TV-response marketing i.e. infomercials can be considered a form of direct marketing, since responses are in the form of calls to telephone numbers given on-air. This allows marketers to reasonably conclude that the calls are due to a particular campaign, and enables them to obtain customers phone numbers as targets for telemarketing. One of the most famous DRTV commercials was for Ginsu Knives by Ginsu Products, Inc. of RI. Several aspects of ad, such as its use of adding items to the offer and the guarantee of satisfaction were oft copied, and came to be considered part of the formula for success with short-form direct-response TV ads (DRTV)Direct Response RadioIn direct response radio, ads contain a call to action with a specific tracking mechanism. Often, this tracking mechanism is a call now prompt with a toll-free phone number or a unique Web URL. Results of the ad can be tracked in terms of calls, orders, customers, leads, sales, revenue, and profits that result from the airing of those ads.Insert MediaAnother form of direct marketing, insert media are marketing materials that are inserted into other communications, such as a catalog, newspaper, magazine, package, or bill. Coop or shared mail, where marketing offers from several companies are delivered via a single envelope, is also considered insert media.O ut-of-HomeOut of home direct marketing refers to a wide array of media designed to reach the consumer outside the home, including transit, bus shelters, bus benches, aerials, airports, in-flight, in-store, movies, college campus/high schools, hotels, shopping malls, sport facilities, stadiums, taxis that contain a call-to-action for the customer to respond.Direct Response Magazines and NewspapersMagazine and newspaper ads often include a direct response call-to-action, such as a toll-free number, a coupon redeemable at a brick-and-mortar store, or a QR code that can be scanned by a mobile device these methods are all forms of direct marketing, because they elicit a direct and measurable action from the customer.Direct SellingDirect selling is the sale of products by face-to-face contact with the customer, either by having salespeople approach potential customers in person, or through indirect means such as Tupperware parties.Grassroots/Community MarketingThe door-to-door distribut ion of flyers and leaflets within a local community is a business-to-consumer form of direct marketing used extensively by restaurants, fast food companies, and many other business focusing on a local catchment. Similar to direct mail marketing, this method is targeted purely by area and community, and costs a fraction of the amount of a mailshot, since it is not necessary to purchase stamps, envelopes, or address lists with the names of home occupants.

The Role Of Stereotyping In Fairytales English Literature Essay

The Role Of Stereotyping In Fairytales English Literature EssayFairy tales shit a great history in Europe and they were transmitted from the one generation to the other by oral speech, until the Grimm brothers decided to commit many of them, round 1815. The cigarette tales stories atomic number 18 very grand for childrens psychology, as psychoanalyst Bruno Bettelheim says, beca custom they communicate with the unconscious of the child, through their secret mess seasons, ilk the battle amidst the full and the evil, where the good al tracks wins. So, the children feel more than hopeful and ready to pass through the difficulties that emerge in their lives (Salkind, 2004).Fairytales contain material that influences a lot the feelings and the cognition of children. coeval enquiry has battle arrayn they are not coming into the world as black slates, just they bring reflexes, predispositions and capacities, with their birth. Although schemas, the cognitive structures, that repr esent organized knowledge about a given concept or stimulus, that influence perception, memory and inference, (Hewstone, Stroebe Stephenson, 1997, p.617), are transmitted to them through the contact with their guardians and the society (Hewstone et al., 1997).another(prenominal) effect of fairytales is the elongation of roughly schemas, curiously those that concern gender. There are three types of schemas, according to Baron and Burne (2009) those that fix to do with persons, with utilisations and with steadyts. The role schemas, that are correlated with specific complaisant roles, concern the way that people act and are like. Gender identity is one of the major role schemas that people cope with (Baron, Branscombe Burne, 2009).Gender roles affect the behavior of men and women end-to-end their life, social and personal. Some characteristics of the masculine stereotype is that the man is able to be a leader, aggressive, forceful, competitive, independent, individualistic and defending his stimulate beliefs. On the other hand, charwoman is affectionate, compassionate, shy, soft-spoken, tender, she loves children and she is excellent to the needs of others. Men are in any case considered as the owners of their family and like the head of the wife. Stereotypes like that construct still their place in many religions, and are also tought to the children through the fairy tales. Women are still presented as followers of the active male figures or helpless with the need to be rescued.Children attain the centre of gender identity, the fact that they are boys or girls, by the age of two and between the ages of four and seven, they realize that the gender is a basic attribute of the person. As they grow up they come in contact with the stereotypes that concern what it means to be male or female, and they are enforced by their environment to show these traits Children also, learn gender stereotypes very early in their life. By the age of two they know to accord stereotyped behaviors and traits with each gender and at the ages between three and six, they seem more strongly sex stereotyped than adults. Furthermore they are convinced that these stereotypes are true. In particular, in the research of Urberg (1982, cited in Golombok Fivush, 1994), it was effectuate that children espouse unconditionally the gender stereotypes at the age of pentad, but at the age of seven they become more conciliatory. Another finding of the same research was that children tend to stereotype other children more than stereotype adults. In another study of Haugh, Hoffman Cowan (1980, cited in Golombok Fivush, 1994), it was shown on a screen to two bases of children of three and five year old, a shortcut with two twelve month infants playing. The children of the first group were told that the infant on the left was male, and on the right female, and to the other group the opposite. Both groups described the babies labeled as males, with characteristi cs like big, mad, fast, strong, loud, smart, and hard, while the female labeled as small, scared, slow, weak, quiet, dumb, and soft. As for the predictions that children can come across about the preferences of the two sexes, in the study of Martin (1989, cited in Golombok Fivush, 1994), it was found that children of all ages tented to predict the characters interest about some toys, based on his or her gender. But barely the younger children relied abruptly on this trait. It seems that younger children are more categorical with gender stereotypes, and the gender of an individual is determinant for his or her characteristics and habits (Baron, Branscombe Burne, 2009, Golombok Fivush, 1994).The research about the gender roles in fairytales, has shown that even though women represent more than the half percent of the population, they are equal much less in childrens literature. Research during 60s decade found that women were underrepresented in a big amount in the book titles, central roles and the illustrations of popular childrens stories. After the political changes of the decades of 70s and 80s, it was found that women are better represented in childrens literature, but the male characters were represented double times. When a woman had a leading role was described as the males that had the same character. But when she had a secondary role, she was described with the handed-down characteristics, as passive and depended (Golombok Fivush, 1994, Godden Godden, 2001).Furthermore, it was found by a research of DeLoache et al., cited in Golombok Fivush, 1994, that children get in contact with the gender stereotypes not only through the characters of their stories, but also by the way that their parents present the gender roles, while they are reading them a book. In particular, gets that were reading a book to their children were presenting the 90% of the characters with obscure roles as males. Also, when they were asked to read a picture book with b ears of indetermined gender, the 62% of them represented the bears to their children as male and a small percentage, about the 16% as female. It was also observed that the bears that were labeled as females, where those that were not been presented to interact with other bears (Golombok Fivush, 1994).According to the Banduras Social learning theory, cited in Cole Cole, 2002, gender is formed by social factors. He supported that the childs behavior is formed by that one of the others and specific by parents behavior, through the learning processes of reinforcement and observation or imitation of a model. Other factors responsible for socialization can be the teachers, the peers and generally the people that get in contact with the child, without underestimating the role of media, like tvs and children readings (Cole Cole, 2002).It has been observed that parents provide to their children get out of patterns of imitation, rewards, when the behaviors of the last are compatible with their gender and they punish them for the behaviors that are not accord with it. In the studies of Beverly Fagot, cited in Cole Cole, 2002, in families, it was found that the parents were praising their daughters when they were onerous clothes, dancing, playing with their dolls, or when were following them and they were punishing them when they were exploring things, running and climbing around. Contrary they were praising their sons when they were playing with cubes and they were punishing them, when they were playing with dolls, giving or asking for help. These findings are also supported by other studies, like those of Langois Downs, cited in Cole Cole, 2002.Except of the rewards, it has been observed by studies that the fathers in contrast with the mothers, treat their sons much more different than their daughters. More specifically they were considering boys as more strong and taugh and they were enforcing them to do similar activities, while they were rating them more stri ct than their mothers when they were playing with dolls. Also, when the boys were between the age of two and twelve, they were becoming stricter, more equable, less affectionate and more directional than with their daughters. Furthermore, it seems that the pressure to the boys to conform to their gender role, is bigger than this one that arrive at girls. As a result the gender role of boys is more cohesive than for the girls, something that continues to exist in mens and womens roles, when the male characteristics and roles are acceptable for women, while the opposite is not acceptable.Another stereotypical role for women in fairytales is that they have to deposit in silence. Its inappropriate for them to express their thoughts and claim for their rights. This could be like an insult to their husband and only evil women, like witches, are taught with these behaviors. The only way for the women in fairytales to speak is only after asking a mans permission. Its also parking lot fo r the man in fairytales to hit his wife when she dares to interrupt him. Women can only express themselves by crying and show helpless (Afanasev, 1973, Bottigheimer, 1986).In Snow White, Brothers Grimm classical fairy tale, the female gender is represented in a negative way. Snow White is displayed as creation frightened, guileless and helpless, and the evil Queen, her stepmother, the only other prominent female character is a narcissist. Thus, after reading or hearing this fairy tale, society begins to mold into these stereotypes. This quote demonstrates what society considers to be womens role. These traits are presented when the huntsman spares Snow Whites life and when the Dwarfs deport Snow White to do house work in order to live safely with them. Although the queen ironically is very powerful in this fairy tale, she also falls into the stereotype for females. She only uses her power for negatives, rather than positives, scheming vindictive plots on Snow White throughout th e whole story. In which, naive Snow White falls victim, not once but three times. The evil queen sends the huntsmen to kill Snow White. This setting introduces the readers to Snow White as a scared helpless girl, a typical expected role of a female (Zipes, 2000).Although there are exceptions, the rule is that a woman has to discharge her voice and her identity in order to provide a place in the society for herself. There are specific gender roles in the classic fairy tales that state that the men have the voice and the women are to be collateral.In the classic fairy tale, The small(a) Mermaid, the character of the seventh daughter is being taught what it is to be a woman. When she complains about grooming for her first trip above water, her grandmother remind her that someone cant have beauty without paying a cost. A woman must be beautiful and must suffer for the cost in silence. Silence is repeated throughout the tale as being a virtue. The mermaid suffers the pain and blood of her feet and the cutting out of her tongue as to be with her love, even though the man does not want her in return. The Disney mutant of this tale also shows Ariel learning about the importance of outward beauty and suppression. Ursula convinces Ariel that she doesnt need her voice in the human world. She has her beauty, her lovely face and she can use her body language. A woman can live in the mans world, only if she testament lose her opinion.At first, Disneys Ariel seems not to follow the typical stereotype role for a woman. She is active, curious and rebellious sometimes. However, when she falls in love, her independent character, transforms into a dependent woman that only wants to become the wife of her beloved man. Moreover she decides to establish her voice, as to become a human, and leave her underwater kingdom to live next to her man (Bell, Haas, Sells, 1995).Another example of the importance of women silence, is in the story of The Merchants fille and the Slanderer where the king decides to marry her only when it is mentioned to him that she is quiet and vestal. The value of silence is correlated with those of speech and power. Generally in fairy tales the speech comes from people that have authority, which most of the times are not the women. The women that appear to speak are evil, like witches, and only when they give a curse to their enemies, as it was mentioned before (Afanasev, 1973, Bottigheimer, 1986).Another stereotype in fairy tales, is that the mans role is to work and provide food to his family by this work. Besides that, in many fairy tales, the opposite fact happens. In Constantino Fortunato of Straparola, it is a woman, the mother Soriana, who provides the food to her three adult sons, who end helpless when she is dead. Their only way to survive is to use the items she left them and because they do not have any qualifications for work they become dependent on other people. Because of the fact that they have never worked, they do not appreciate the people who help them and they go forth each one when a new person who can help them appears. And thats what Constantino does when is been ensured to him the marriage with the princess.In this fairytale the sons are completely dependent on their mother who has the main character in that. She is described as a very poor woman who had three sons, a description that appears in many points of the story. The important to notice is that never this family is been demonstrated as a poor family, but there is only a really poor mother and her sons. The sons are not considered as independed members of this family and they are not responsible for their poverty, even though they are old enough to have a job. They stay sideliners even when their mother is dead. Their only way to survive is to wait for their neighbors to ask them to borrow some of the items their mother left and give them something in return. When Constantinos brothers get a sweet like a gift from their neighbo rs they eat it by themselves and they dont keep anything for him but only advice him to ask the cat for help. That is what happens and the cat begins to provide everything to the young man, even his marriage with the princess. When he becomes a prince he has to face many responsibilities but even in that time he denies to do it and continues to count on womens of the palace help (Zipes, 2000).Another common characteristic for the women in fairy tales is their passivity. Most of them when they find themselves in trouble, are waiting for a male to rescue them and dont take the situation in their own hands. In the story of The Footless Champion and the Handless Champion the sister of the family has to endure every day the minatory visits of a dragon, without doing anything to protect herself like to escape, but only waiting for her brothers to come back from a hunter travel, to save her (Afanasev, 1973).Another message that fairy tales give to women is that disobedience to men and poss ible will for power will be strict punished. The womans role is to serve the husband and do the housekeeping. In the Mayoress fairy tale, the woman explains to her husband her intention to become mayoress and he decides to punish her with some elder men. Because of her inability as a mayoress she spends the public money and then its impossible to collect the taxes in time. Even though she makes efforts to curb the situation, the Cossack decides to punish her by beating her. The meaning of this story is that this woman should never desire a position of power and disobey her husband. Generally this story teaches women to stay allegiant to the authority of their husband and also men that women are incapable for positions that have to do with the public affairs and power.Beauty is another value that is overestimated in fairy tales. Usually we meet in their pages, young and beautiful girls to be chosen by men with power, but ugly and much older, like what happened in Beauty and the Beas t and the ugly girls to be rejected not only from men but also from society. It is also common that the beauty is correlated with traits, like honesty, purity, virginity, delicacy and modesty. Beauty is also a virtue that has to be well protected from the world outside and be well guarded like a treasure. In the story of Dawn, Evening and Midnight the king watches his daughters during all day not allowing to anyone else to see their beauty. He doesnt even leave the sun or the wind to touch them. It is obvious that he adores his daughters only because they are extremely beautiful.It is not only the beauty that determine a wedding but also the ability of woman for reproduction. More specifically, it is the ability of the woman to make male children. It is considered as an ability of the woman to control the sex of her child, something that does not correspond to the contemporary knowledge and when she fails to make a boy, she is usually considered as cursed or worthless and she is dri ven away from her husband. This is obvious in the Singing Tree and the Talking Bird, when the king chooses his future tense wife only after she promises him to make three children, two males and one female. No other traits are more decisive than this, like the worth of a woman is considered first of all, with her ability of reproduction (Afanasev, 1973).It seems that even nowadays fairytales attribute to women the stereotyping traits of their gender, like passivity and silence, and to men those of power and courage, as it was shown through the fairytales of Snow White, The Little Mermaid, Ariel and The Footless Champion and the Handless Champion. Although there are traditional fairytales like Constantino Fortunato, that shows the woman in a position of power, this one of the head of the family and modern, that describe their heroine with some male characteristics, like Ariel of the Little Mermaid, who is independed and curious, before falls in love with a man, it seems that social sciences have to make a lot of efforts to modify the gender stereotypes in children literature (Zipes, 2000, Afanas ev, 1973).